rtl-synth-check

Run Yosys synthesis estimation on RTL targeting **ASIC TSMC 28nm** (approximated via NanGate45 liberty). Area is reported in **NAND2 gate equivalents** (NAND2X1 fanout-of-2, ≈ 0.798 μm² in NanGate45).

SDC-first flow: SDC constraints are generated BEFORE synthesis to ensure timing-aware optimization. Flow: 1. SDC generation → 2. sv2v conversion → 3. Yosys synthesis with NanGate45 liberty → 4. PPA report

Outputs: syn/log/ (logs), syn/rpt/ (reports), syn/vnet/ (netlist), syn/summary.json, and syn/constraints/design.sdc.

See references/yosys-commands.md for command reference and latch detection guide. See references/sdc-best-practices.md for SDC writing rules and tool-specific commands.

<Use_When>

• RTL is lint-clean and pre-synthesis area/timing estimates are needed
• Checking whether RTL is synthesizable (no latches, no unresolved references)
• Comparing area impact of an RTL change
• SDC timing constraints needed for Design Compiler, Genus, or OpenSTA
• Pre-tapeout constraint review gate </Use_When>

<Do_Not_Use_When>

• RTL has lint errors (fix with rtl-lint-check first)
• Commercial synthesis tool required for signoff (Yosys is for estimation only)
• Only simulation results needed </Do_Not_Use_When>

<Why_This_Exists> Synthesis reveals RTL constructs that simulate correctly but are unsynthesizable or produce unexpected hardware (latches, priority encoders). Early synthesis feedback prevents late-stage surprises. </Why_This_Exists>

<Execution_Policy>

• SDC-first: constraint-writer generates SDC BEFORE synthesis (mandatory, not optional)
• eda-runner executes Yosys synthesis estimation with NanGate45 liberty
• For replayable execution, use syn/scripts/run_syn.sh (creates syn/scr/replay/run_syn_*_latest.sh)
• synthesis-reporter parses output, computes NAND2-FO2 gate count, and produces structured summary
• Target: ASIC TSMC 28nm estimation (NanGate45 as proxy)
• Area metric: NAND2 gate equivalents (total_area_um2 / 0.798)
• Gate: no synthesis errors, no inferred latches (warnings acceptable with documentation) </Execution_Policy>

1. Verify RTL uses `logic` (no `reg`/`wire`) before synthesis — flag violations early

2. SDC Generation (MANDATORY — before synthesis):

   • constraint-writer reads requirements.json (clock frequencies), docs/phase-3-uarch/*.md (multicycle paths), RTL top-level (port list)
   • Use templates/design-constraints.sdc as the SDC scaffold
   • See references/sdc-best-practices.md for writing rules and common mistakes
   • Generates syn/constraints/design.sdc with: clock definitions, IO delays, false paths, multicycle paths, design rules
   • Validates Tcl syntax: tclsh syn/constraints/design.sdc
   • SDC must exist before synthesis estimation proceeds

3. Synthesis execution (via replayable wrapper): run_syn.sh handles tool selection, sv2v conversion (Yosys path), and output normalization internally. Do NOT run sv2v manually — the script manages it as a Layer 2 concern.

   # Preferred: replayable wrapper (auto-includes rtl/common/, handles sv2v internally)
   syn/scripts/run_syn.sh --tool yosys --top {module} -f rtl/filelist_{module}.f --liberty NangateOpenCellLibrary_typical.lib
   
   # With commercial tool (no sv2v needed):
   syn/scripts/run_syn.sh --tool dc_shell --top {module} -f rtl/filelist_{module}.f
   
   # Optional: skip if tool unavailable (for non-blocking estimation)
   syn/scripts/run_syn.sh --tool yosys --top {module} -f rtl/filelist_{module}.f --skip-if-unavailable
   

4. ASIC synthesis estimation (NanGate45 liberty — TSMC 28nm proxy): Use the replayable wrapper or templates/yosys-synth-script.ys for script template:

   syn/scripts/run_syn.sh --tool yosys --top {module} -f rtl/filelist_{module}.f --liberty NangateOpenCellLibrary_typical.lib
   

   For manual debugging:

   yosys -p "read_verilog rtl/{module}/{module}_v2v.v; \
     hierarchy -check -top {module}; proc; opt; fsm; opt; \
     memory; opt; techmap; opt; \
     dfflibmap -liberty NangateOpenCellLibrary_typical.lib; \
     abc -liberty NangateOpenCellLibrary_typical.lib; clean; \
     stat -liberty NangateOpenCellLibrary_typical.lib" \
     | tee syn/log/{module}_synth.log
   

   Note: Always use NanGate45 (ASIC target). Do NOT use generic synthesis (no liberty) or FPGA synthesis.

4.5. SRAM wrapper handling during synthesis:

• SRAM wrappers (sram_sp, sram_tp, sram_dp from rtl/common/) contain behavioral memory arrays
• Yosys memory pass infers these as memory blocks (BRAM on FPGA, mapped cells on ASIC)
• For ASIC with foundry macros: wrapper body replaced via `ifdef SYNTHESIS guard
• Check synth-summary.json memory_inference field to verify correct inference
• If SRAM incorrectly inferred as FFs → check memory -nomap; stat to debug

5. Capture syn/log/{module}_synth.log (raw Yosys output)

6. synthesis-reporter parses: cell count, area (μm²), NAND2-FO2 gate count, critical path depth

   • Gate count formula: gate_count = total_area_um2 / 0.798 (NAND2X1 area in NanGate45)

7. Latch detection — check stat output for $_DLATCH_ cells:

   • Any $_DLATCH_* count > 0 is a HARD FAIL
   • Common causes: missing default: in case, unassigned signal in if-else branches
   • See references/yosys-commands.md for latch detection details

8. Check for other concerning cells: $mem (unintended RAM), $mul (area-heavy multipliers)

9. Write syn/summary.json (see templates/synth-summary.json for format). Use skills/rtl-synth-check/scripts/parse_yosys_stat.py to automate parsing:

   python skills/rtl-synth-check/scripts/parse_yosys_stat.py syn/log/{module}_synth.log
   

   Output includes: area_um2, gate_count_nand2, technology target

9.5. Commercial synthesis (when available): Use the replayable wrapper which auto-generates tool scripts with SDC loading, SRAM don't-touch handling, and full PPA reporting (area/timing/power/QoR):

# Synopsys Design Compiler
syn/scripts/run_syn.sh --tool dc_shell --top {top} -f rtl/filelist_top.f --liberty <tech.lib>

# Cadence Genus
syn/scripts/run_syn.sh --tool genus --top {top} -f rtl/filelist_top.f --liberty <tech.lib>

• Auto-generated scripts include: SDC source (syn/constraints/design.sdc), rtl/common/ auto-inclusion, SRAM wrapper dont_touch placeholders, report_area, report_timing, report_power, report_qor
• Provide --script <tcl> to use a custom Tcl script instead of auto-generation
• SRAM wrappers: uncomment dont_touch lines in generated script when using foundry macros

10. Flag any inferred latches as hard errors

<Tool_Usage>

# ============================================================
# Step 2: SDC Generation (MANDATORY — before synthesis)
# ============================================================
Task(subagent_type="rtl-agent-team:constraint-writer",
     prompt="Generate comprehensive SDC for design top module. Read requirements.json for clock frequencies, docs/phase-3-uarch/*.md for multicycle paths, RTL top-level for port list. Use templates/design-constraints.sdc as scaffold. Write syn/constraints/design.sdc with: create_clock for all clocks using {domain}_clk naming, set_input_delay/set_output_delay for all i_*/o_* ports, set_false_path for async resets with justification, set_multicycle_path (both -setup and -hold) from uarch pipeline specs, design rules (set_max_fanout, set_max_transition). Validate with tclsh. See references/sdc-best-practices.md for rules.")

# ============================================================
# Step 3-4: ASIC Synthesis Estimation via wrapper (NanGate45 / TSMC 28nm proxy)
# ============================================================
Task(subagent_type="rtl-agent-team:eda-runner",
     prompt="Run ASIC synthesis estimation using wrapper: syn/scripts/run_syn.sh --tool yosys --top {top} -f rtl/filelist_top.f --liberty NangateOpenCellLibrary_typical.lib --skip-if-unavailable. Script handles sv2v conversion internally. Outputs: syn/rpt/ (reports), syn/vnet/ (netlist), syn/log/ (logs). Check output for inferred latches. If SKIPPED, record status.")

# ============================================================
# Step 6-9: Parse results → gate count (NAND2-FO2 equivalent)
# ============================================================
Task(subagent_type="rtl-agent-team:synthesis-reporter",
     prompt="Parse syn/log/ and syn/rpt/ Yosys output. Extract cell count, area (um2), compute NAND2-FO2 gate count (area / 0.798). Flag any inferred latches as hard errors. Write syn/summary.json with gate_count_nand2 field. Technology: ASIC TSMC 28nm (NanGate45 proxy).")

</Tool_Usage>

ASIC 28nm estimation (NanGate45): 12,450 cells; area 9,935 μm²; 12,450 NAND2-FO2 gate equivalents; max logic depth 18; no latches; SDC with 200MHz sys_clk constraint applied before synthesis. Running generic synthesis (no liberty file) — area/timing estimates are meaningless without technology mapping. Skipping SDC creation — timing-unaware optimization produces unreliable PPA estimates. Ignoring Yosys latch warnings — inferred latches cause hold-time violations in silicon. Using FPGA synthesis (synth_xilinx) for ASIC estimation — wrong target technology.

<Escalation_And_Stop_Conditions>

• Synthesis errors (not warnings) → report to rtl-coder for RTL fix
• Inferred latches found → hard FAIL, report to rtl-coder with latch location
• Area estimate >2x target → report to rtl-architect for redesign consideration </Escalation_And_Stop_Conditions>

<Final_Checklist>

• SDC generated BEFORE synthesis (syn/constraints/design.sdc)
  • Every clock has create_clock or create_generated_clock
  • All I/O ports have set_input_delay / set_output_delay
  • Every set_false_path has justification comment
  • Every set_multicycle_path has both -setup and -hold
  • SDC passes Tcl syntax check
• sv2v conversion done before Yosys
• Yosys synthesis estimation completed with NanGate45 liberty (ASIC target)
• No inferred latches
• syn/summary.json written with gate_count_nand2 field
• Area reported in NAND2-FO2 gate equivalents (area_um2 / 0.798)
• Technology recorded as "ASIC TSMC 28nm (NanGate45 proxy)" </Final_Checklist>

**Default ASIC synthesis flow (NanGate45 — TSMC 28nm proxy):** ```bash # NanGate45 is the DEFAULT and ONLY target for ASIC estimation dfflibmap -liberty NangateOpenCellLibrary_typical.lib abc -liberty NangateOpenCellLibrary_typical.lib stat -liberty NangateOpenCellLibrary_typical.lib ```

NAND2-FO2 gate count conversion:

• NanGate45 NAND2X1 area = 0.798 μm²
• Gate count = Chip area (from stat -liberty) / 0.798
• This is the standard area metric for all PPA reports
• Example: 9,935 μm² → 12,450 NAND2 gate equivalents

Why NanGate45 for TSMC 28nm:

• NanGate45 (FreePDK45) is the closest open-source liberty to real 28nm
• Gate count ratios (relative proportions) are representative
• Absolute area: apply scaling factor (45nm→28nm) ≈ (28/45)² ≈ 0.39 for physical area
• For estimation purposes, gate count is technology-independent

Key stat output fields to monitor:

Cell	Concern
$_DFF_*	Normal flip-flops (count should match intent)
$_DLATCH_*	CRITICAL — must be zero
$_MUX_	High count may indicate priority encoding
$add, $mul	Check if area-efficient implementation needed
$mem	Check if SRAM inference was intended

Additional useful commands: scc -max_depth 10 (combinational loop check), write_verilog syn/netlist.v (export netlist), show -format dot (schematic). See references/yosys-commands.md for complete command reference.