Provides PostgreSQL patterns for query optimization, schema design, indexing, row-level security, UPSERTs, pagination, and anti-pattern detection. Based on Supabase best practices. Activates for SQL queries, migrations, schema design, slow query debugging, RLS, and connection pooling.
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PostgreSQL 最佳实践快速参考。如需详细指导，请使用 `database-reviewer` 智能体 (Agent)。
Provides PostgreSQL best practices for indexes, data types, RLS policies, UPSERT, cursor pagination, queue processing, anti-pattern detection, and config templates. Activates for SQL queries, schema design, slow query debugging, and connection pooling.
Delivers PostgreSQL patterns for indexing, schema design, query optimization, Row Level Security, UPSERT, pagination, and anti-pattern detection. Includes SQL examples and cheat sheets.
Delivers PostgreSQL best practices for query optimization, schema design, indexing, security including RLS, data types, UPSERT, cursor pagination, and anti-pattern detection queries. Useful for SQL queries, migrations, and troubleshooting.
Share bugs, ideas, or general feedback.
PostgreSQL 最佳实践快速参考。如需详细指导，请使用 database-reviewer 智能体 (Agent)。
| 查询模式 | 索引类型 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
WHERE col = value | B-tree (默认) | CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col) |
WHERE col > value | B-tree | CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col) |
WHERE a = x AND b > y | 复合索引 (Composite) | CREATE INDEX idx ON t (a, b) |
WHERE jsonb @> '{}' | GIN | CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col) |
WHERE tsv @@ query | GIN | CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col) |
| 时间序列范围 | BRIN | CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING brin (col) |
| 用例 | 正确类型 | 应避免 |
|---|---|---|
| ID | bigint | int, 随机 UUID |
| 字符串 | text | varchar(255) |
| 时间戳 | timestamptz | timestamp |
| 金额 | numeric(10,2) | float |
| 标记位 (Flags) | boolean | varchar, int |
复合索引顺序：
-- 等值列（Equality columns）在前，范围列（Range columns）在后
CREATE INDEX idx ON orders (status, created_at);
-- 适用于：WHERE status = 'pending' AND created_at > '2024-01-01'
覆盖索引 (Covering Index)：
CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) INCLUDE (name, created_at);
-- 避免在执行 SELECT email, name, created_at 时进行回表查询 (Table lookup)
部分索引 (Partial Index)：
CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL;
-- 索引更小，仅包含活跃用户
RLS 策略（优化版）：
CREATE POLICY policy ON orders
USING ((SELECT auth.uid()) = user_id); -- 包装在 SELECT 中！
UPSERT (更新或插入)：
INSERT INTO settings (user_id, key, value)
VALUES (123, 'theme', 'dark')
ON CONFLICT (user_id, key)
DO UPDATE SET value = EXCLUDED.value;
游标分页 (Cursor Pagination)：
SELECT * FROM products WHERE id > $last_id ORDER BY id LIMIT 20;
-- O(1) 复杂度，优于 O(n) 的 OFFSET
队列处理 (Queue Processing)：
UPDATE jobs SET status = 'processing'
WHERE id = (
SELECT id FROM jobs WHERE status = 'pending'
ORDER BY created_at LIMIT 1
FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
) RETURNING *;
-- 查找未建立索引的外键
SELECT conrelid::regclass, a.attname
FROM pg_constraint c
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(c.conkey)
WHERE c.contype = 'f'
AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1 FROM pg_index i
WHERE i.indrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(i.indkey)
);
-- 查找慢查询
SELECT query, mean_exec_time, calls
FROM pg_stat_statements
WHERE mean_exec_time > 100
ORDER BY mean_exec_time DESC;
-- 检查表膨胀 (Table Bloat)
SELECT relname, n_dead_tup, last_vacuum
FROM pg_stat_user_tables
WHERE n_dead_tup > 1000
ORDER BY n_dead_tup DESC;
-- 连接限制 (根据 RAM 调整)
ALTER SYSTEM SET max_connections = 100;
ALTER SYSTEM SET work_mem = '8MB';
-- 超时设置
ALTER SYSTEM SET idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = '30s';
ALTER SYSTEM SET statement_timeout = '30s';
-- 监控
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_stat_statements;
-- 安全默认值
REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM public;
SELECT pg_reload_conf();
database-reviewer - 完整数据库审查工作流clickhouse-io - ClickHouse 分析模式backend-patterns - API 和后端模式基于 Supabase 智能体技能 (Supabase Agent Skills) (致谢: Supabase 团队) (MIT 许可证)