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From cc-use-exp
Go development standards covering naming conventions, error handling, concurrency patterns, testing practices, and performance optimization for high-quality Go codebases.
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> 参考来源: Effective Go、Go Code Review Comments、uber-go/guide
Guides idiomatic Go patterns, best practices, and error handling. Activated when writing, reviewing, or refactoring Go code to ensure robust and maintainable applications.
Applies Go best practices for performance, modern syntax, generics, patterns, testing, error handling, and concurrency when writing or reviewing Go code.
Applies Go best practices, idioms, and conventions from Effective Go guide for writing, reviewing, and refactoring idiomatic Go code.
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参考来源: Effective Go、Go Code Review Comments、uber-go/guide
goimports -w . # 格式化并整理 import
go vet ./... # 静态分析
golangci-lint run # 综合检查
go test -v -race -cover ./... # 测试(含竞态检测和覆盖率)
| 类型 | 规则 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| 包名 | 小写单词,不用下划线 | user, orderservice |
| 变量/函数 | 驼峰命名,缩写词一致大小写 | userID, HTTPServer |
| 常量 | 导出用驼峰,私有可驼峰或全大写 | MaxRetryCount |
| 接口 | 单方法用方法名+er | Reader, Writer |
禁止: common, util, base 等无意义包名
import (
"context" // 标准库
"fmt"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin" // 第三方库
"project/internal/model" // 项目内部
)
必须处理错误,不能忽略:
// ✅ 好:添加上下文
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to query user %d: %w", userID, err)
}
// ❌ 差:忽略错误
result, _ := doSomething()
错误包装: 使用 %w 保留错误链,用 errors.Is() / errors.As() 检查
基本原则:
context.Context 控制生命周期// ✅ 好:使用 context 控制
func process(ctx context.Context) error {
done := make(chan error, 1)
go func() { done <- doWork() }()
select {
case err := <-done:
return err
case <-ctx.Done():
return ctx.Err()
}
}
数据竞争: 使用 go test -race 检测
// 表驱动测试
func TestAdd(t *testing.T) {
tests := []struct {
name string
a, b int
expected int
}{
{"positive", 1, 2, 3},
{"zero", 0, 0, 0},
}
for _, tt := range tests {
t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
got := Add(tt.a, tt.b)
if got != tt.expected {
t.Errorf("Add(%d, %d) = %d, want %d", tt.a, tt.b, got, tt.expected)
}
})
}
}
| 陷阱 | 解决方案 |
|---|---|
| 循环中拼接字符串 | 使用 strings.Builder |
| 未预分配 slice | make([]T, 0, cap) |
| N+1 查询 | 批量查询 + 预加载 |
| 无限制并发 | 使用 semaphore 或 worker pool |
| Raw SQL 别名用了保留字 | 避免 year_month/order/status/rank 等 MySQL 保留字做别名 |
# 性能分析
go test -cpuprofile=cpu.prof -bench=.
go tool pprof cpu.prof
project/
├── cmd/ # 可执行文件入口
├── internal/ # 私有代码
│ ├── handler/
│ ├── service/
│ ├── repository/
│ └── model/
├── pkg/ # 公共代码
├── go.mod
└── go.sum
| 文件 | 内容 |
|---|---|
references/go-style.md | 命名约定、错误处理、并发、测试、性能 |
references/date-time.md | 日期加减、账期计算、AddDate 溢出处理 |
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