spq-data-analysis

Data Analysis (spq-data-analysis)

SPQ reviewers are sophisticated about both social-psychological measurement and the methods of each tradition. Analyze and report so an expert can trust the result and see the structure–individual link in the numbers (or the interpretation). This skill covers execution and reporting norms; design decisions live in spq-research-design.

When to trigger

• Running main and supporting analyses; building the results section
• A reviewer asked for robustness, heterogeneity, alternative measures, or model checks
• Reconciling preregistered (where used) vs. exploratory analyses
• Reporting measurement quality for latent social-psychological constructs

Analysis norms SPQ expects

1. Report uncertainty honestly. Confidence/credible intervals, not just stars; the magnitude and substantive meaning of the estimate, in the metric of the construct, not just significance.
2. Measurement quality up front. For identity salience, mastery, sentiment, status, etc.: report reliability (alpha/omega), and where relevant CFA/SEM fit; show the result is not a scaling artifact.
3. Robustness that probes, not decorates. Alternative measures, samples, model specifications, or estimators that could break the result — and say what you learn.
4. Right inference for the design. Survey weights/clustering for complex samples; multilevel models for individuals nested in groups/contexts; randomization-appropriate inference for experiments; multiple-comparison adjustment when testing many implications.
5. Heterogeneity with discipline. Pre-specify subgroups where possible; don't mine for a significant interaction and theorize it post hoc.
6. Mediation/mechanism with care. If you claim the social-psychological mechanism mediates, test it properly (modern mediation/sensitivity), and acknowledge the assumptions.

Interpretive / qualitative specifics

• Make the analytic procedure transparent: coding scheme, how themes/categories were derived, negative cases.
• Show how the evidence (interaction excerpts, fieldnotes, accounts) supports the claim; quote enough to let the reader judge.

Structure-individual reporting check

For each main result, add one sentence that links the statistic or qualitative pattern back to the structure-individual mechanism. SPQ results should not stop at "the coefficient is positive" or "a theme appears"; they should say how status, identity, exchange, networks, institutions, or interaction orders shape individual meaning or behavior. If that sentence cannot be written, the analysis has drifted away from the journal's social-psychological core.

Reproducibility while you work (good practice, not a gate)

• A master script that regenerates every table and figure from the (raw or constructed) data.
• Set and report seeds for any stochastic step (bootstrap, simulation, multiple imputation).
• Pin software/package versions (renv.lock, requirements.txt, recorded installs).
• Keep table/figure numbers matched to outputs. SPQ encourages sharing materials but does not require it (see spq-data-and-transparency) — still analyze reproducibly for your own sake and the reviewers'.

Anti-patterns

• Stars-only tables with no effect sizes or intervals
• Reporting an effect on a construct whose reliability/validity is never shown
• "Robustness" that only reruns near-identical specs to manufacture stability
• p-hacking / fishing for a significant interaction; HARKing exploratory results into hypotheses
• Ignoring clustering/weighting in complex-survey or nested-group data
• Quoting one vivid excerpt as if it established a pattern (interpretive work)

Output format

【Main estimate / claim】magnitude + interval (or analytic claim) + substantive meaning
【Measurement】reliability/validity of key constructs reported? [Y/N]
【Inference correct for design?】weighting/clustering/multilevel/randomization [note]
【Robustness】specs that could break it → what held
【Heterogeneity】pre-specified? adjusted?
【Reproducible】master script + seeds + pinned versions? [Y/N]
【Next】spq-tables-figures

Supplementary resources

• ../../resources/external_tools.md — estimation, measurement (SEM/reliability), and CAQDAS packages
• ../../resources/official-source-map.md — data-and-materials policy (encouraged, not required)