mind-conceptual-analysis-and-method

Conceptual Analysis & Method (mind-conceptual-analysis-and-method)

Analytic philosophy stands or falls on precise concepts and clean distinctions. Many disputes dissolve once a term is disambiguated; many arguments fail because a key word shifts meaning between premises. This skill sharpens the conceptual machinery and picks the method that fits the question, so the argument from mind-thesis-and-argument rests on terms that bear weight.

When to trigger

• A key term is doing heavy lifting and may be ambiguous
• A reader said two parties are "talking past each other" or "equivocating"
• You rely on a thought experiment and need it to be clean and probative
• Choosing a method (conceptual analysis, cases, formal model, explication) for the question

Sharpen the concepts

1. Define the central terms. State what you mean, precisely, on first use. Distinguish your sense from neighboring concepts it is easily confused with.
2. Disambiguate before arguing. If a term has two readings, separate them and say which one each premise uses. Equivocation across premises is a classic invalidity (guard the load-bearing premise).
3. Draw the distinction that does the work. Often the contribution is a distinction others ran together. Name it, motivate it, and show the puzzle it dissolves.
4. Prize parsimony. Prefer the account with fewer primitives and fewer ad hoc clauses. If your theory needs an exception to dodge each counterexample, that is a cost, not a fix.

Use thought experiments well

• State the case minimally — only the features that drive the verdict; strip irrelevant detail.
• Make the elicited intuition explicit and say what it is evidence for.
• Pre-empt the "intuition isn't shared / is an artifact" objection (hand to mind-objections-and-replies).
• Watch for cases that prove too much — if your case also refutes claims you accept, it is broken.

Load-bearing term audit

Mark every term that appears in a premise, conclusion, or objection. For each, write: definition, contrast class, role in the argument, and what would break if the term were replaced by a neighbor. This exposes equivocation before a referee does. If a term is merely decorative, cut it; if it is load-bearing, define it early and reuse it consistently.

Choose the method

Method	Use when…	Watch for
Conceptual analysis (necessary/sufficient conditions)	the question is what some concept is	counterexamples; over-fitting with clauses
Cases / intuition pumps	a verdict on a scenario adjudicates the theory	unshared or unstable intuitions
Explication / conceptual engineering	the folk concept is defective and needs revision	drift from what we cared about
Formal modeling	precision or consequence relations matter	opacity — pair with informal exposition
Reflective equilibrium	balancing principles against considered judgments	which way the adjustment should go

Anti-patterns

• A key term left undefined while it shifts meaning between premises
• Piling ad hoc clauses onto a definition to dodge each counterexample (lost parsimony)
• A thought experiment overloaded with irrelevant detail, or one that proves too much
• Formalism with no informal gloss (a Mind paper should stay accessible)
• Conceptual engineering that quietly changes the subject

Output format

【Key terms】precise definitions + neighbors distinguished
【Crucial distinction】the one that does the work
【Method】analysis / cases / explication / formal / reflective equilibrium
【Thought experiment】minimal case + the intuition it licenses (if any)
【Parsimony check】primitives / ad hoc clauses minimized? [Y/N]
【Next】mind-structure-and-exposition

Supplementary resources

• ../../resources/external_tools.md — SEP/IEP for standard definitions; logic tools for formal work
• ../../resources/official-source-map.md — Mind's expectation of accessible, informally-glossed technical work