wealth-management

Analyze alternative investments including hedge funds, private equity, and venture capital. Use when the user asks about hedge fund strategies (long/short, macro, event-driven), PE or VC performance metrics (IRR, TVPI, DPI), fee structures ('2-and-20', carry, hurdle rates), the J-curve effect, illiquidity premiums, lock-up periods, or hedge fund replication. Also trigger when users mention 'managed futures', 'CTA', 'fund of funds', 'vintage year', 'capital calls', 'distributions', 'carried interest', or ask how to evaluate an alternative investment manager.

Determine how to distribute capital across asset classes using strategic and tactical allocation frameworks. Use when the user asks about portfolio allocation, mean-variance optimization, Black-Litterman, risk parity, glide paths, or target-date strategies. Also trigger when users mention 'how much in stocks vs bonds', '60/40 portfolio', 'policy portfolio', 'core-satellite', 'liability-driven investing', 'asset-liability matching', or ask how to split their money across investments.

Determine how much capital to allocate to individual positions within a portfolio. Use when the user asks about position sizing, the Kelly criterion, fractional Kelly, risk budgeting, or conviction weighting. Also trigger when users mention 'how much to put in one stock', 'maximum position size', 'how concentrated should my portfolio be', 'number of holdings', 'VaR budget per position', 'how big a bet', or ask about scaling position sizes with volatility.

Analyze commodity markets including futures curve dynamics, roll yield, and supply/demand fundamentals. Use when the user asks about commodity investing, commodity ETFs, contango, backwardation, roll yield, commodity indices (GSCI, BCOM), or commodities as an inflation hedge. Also trigger when users mention 'oil prices', 'gold as a safe haven', 'agricultural futures', 'convenience yield', 'storage costs', 'natural gas', 'copper demand', or ask why commodity ETF returns differ from spot price changes.

Analyze currency markets, exchange rate mechanics, and FX risk management for international portfolios. Use when the user asks about exchange rates, FX hedging, interest rate parity, carry trades, forward premiums, cross rates, or currency overlay programs. Also trigger when users mention 'strong dollar', 'weak euro', 'hedging foreign stocks', 'purchasing power parity', 'currency risk in my portfolio', 'EUR/USD', 'yen carry trade', or ask whether to hedge international investments.

Provide frameworks for managing and paying off personal debt effectively. Use when the user asks about debt payoff strategies (avalanche vs snowball), refinancing decisions, debt consolidation, debt-to-income ratios, or the opportunity cost of paying off debt vs investing. Also trigger when users mention 'which debt to pay first', 'should I refinance', 'credit card debt', 'student loan payoff', 'DTI for mortgage', 'balance transfer', 'good debt vs bad debt', or ask how to get out of debt faster.

Analyze digital assets including cryptocurrency fundamentals, blockchain mechanics, DeFi protocols, and on-chain metrics. Use when the user asks about crypto investing, Bitcoin, Ethereum, staking yields, DeFi lending, impermanent loss, or on-chain valuation metrics. Also trigger when users mention 'blockchain', 'proof of stake', 'proof of work', 'smart contracts', 'NFTs', 'stablecoins', 'NVT ratio', 'TVL', 'crypto portfolio allocation', 'halving', or ask about risks and returns of cryptocurrency.

Build diversified portfolios using correlation analysis, efficient frontier construction, and factor-based diversification. Use when the user asks about portfolio variance, correlation effects, the efficient frontier, minimum variance portfolios, diversification ratios, or factor diversification. Also trigger when users mention 'don't put all eggs in one basket', 'how many stocks do I need', 'correlation breakdown in a crisis', 'are my holdings really diversified', 'risk contributions', or ask why diversification fails during market crashes.

Size and structure an emergency fund based on individual circumstances, income stability, and expense profile. Use when the user asks about emergency fund sizing, how many months of expenses to save, where to keep emergency savings, or tiered fund structures. Also trigger when users mention 'rainy day fund', 'how much cash should I keep', 'high-yield savings account', 'money market fund', 'freelancer cash reserve', 'variable income buffer', or ask what counts as an emergency expense.

Analyze equity securities, factor models, and equity portfolio construction. Use when the user asks about stocks, equity valuation ratios, index construction methods, or style analysis. Also trigger when users mention 'P/E ratio', 'growth vs value', 'market cap weighting', 'sector allocation', 'GICS classification', 'earnings per share', 'Fama-French factors', 'CAPM', 'dividend yield', 'PEG ratio', 'EV/EBITDA', or ask which factors explain equity returns.

Recognize and mitigate cognitive biases that impair financial decisions, and coach clients toward values-driven financial lives. Use when the user asks about behavioral finance, money psychology, loss aversion, overconfidence, herd behavior, or emotional investing. Also trigger when users mention 'why do I panic sell', 'money fights with my spouse', 'I can never save enough', 'fear of investing', 'lifestyle creep', 'keeping up with the Joneses', 'Rich Life', 'money scripts', or ask how emotions affect financial decisions.

Analyze corporate bonds and credit instruments including investment grade and high yield debt. Use when the user asks about corporate bonds, credit spreads (OAS, Z-spread, G-spread), credit ratings, default probabilities, callable bonds, or private credit. Also trigger when users mention 'junk bonds', 'fallen angel', 'yield-to-worst', 'covenant analysis', 'CDS spreads', 'recovery rates', 'direct lending', 'mezzanine debt', 'BBB downgrade risk', or ask how to evaluate corporate credit risk.

Analyze municipal bonds including tax-equivalent yield calculations, GO vs revenue bond evaluation, and muni credit analysis. Use when the user asks about municipal bonds, tax-exempt income, tax-equivalent yield, AMT bonds, or muni credit quality. Also trigger when users mention 'muni bonds', 'tax-free bonds', 'state tax exemption', 'general obligation', 'revenue bonds', 'Build America Bonds', 'muni yield ratio', 'de minimis rule', or ask whether munis make sense for their tax bracket.

Analyze government bonds including US Treasuries, yield curves, duration, convexity, and TIPS. Use when the user asks about Treasury bonds, sovereign debt, yield curve construction, interest rate risk, duration, convexity, TIPS, or breakeven inflation rates. Also trigger when users mention 'T-bills', 'T-notes', 'bond pricing', 'yield to maturity', 'inverted yield curve', 'forward rates', 'spot rates', 'DV01', 'real yields', or ask how bonds react to interest rate changes.

Analyze structured fixed income products including mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, and CLOs. Use when the user asks about MBS, ABS, CLOs, CDOs, prepayment risk, tranching, or waterfall structures. Also trigger when users mention 'mortgage bonds', 'agency MBS', 'pass-through securities', 'PSA prepayment speed', 'negative convexity', 'extension risk', 'contraction risk', 'CMO tranches', 'securitization', or ask how structured products redistribute credit and prepayment risk.

Estimate potential future losses using VaR, Expected Shortfall, Monte Carlo simulation, and stress testing. Use when the user asks about Value-at-Risk, CVaR, Expected Shortfall, scenario analysis, stress testing, or factor-based risk decomposition. Also trigger when users mention 'how much could I lose', 'worst-case scenario', 'tail risk', 'risk budget', 'component VaR', 'marginal VaR', '99% confidence loss', 'Monte Carlo simulation', or ask how to project portfolio risk forward.

Compare and select investment vehicles including mutual funds, ETFs, index funds, and separately managed accounts. Use when the user asks about ETF vs mutual fund, expense ratios, fund tax efficiency, ETF creation/redemption, tracking error, or share class comparisons. Also trigger when users mention 'which fund should I buy', 'Vanguard vs Fidelity', 'index fund costs', '12b-1 fees', 'load vs no-load', 'SMA vs ETF', 'fund turnover ratio', 'securities lending', or ask how fees compound over time.

Quantify realized risk from historical data using volatility estimators, drawdown analysis, and downside risk metrics. Use when the user asks about historical volatility, maximum drawdown, drawdown duration, historical VaR, downside deviation, semi-variance, or tracking error. Also trigger when users mention 'how risky has this been', 'worst decline', 'Parkinson estimator', 'Yang-Zhang', 'peak-to-trough loss', 'recovery time', 'annualized volatility', or ask how to measure past investment risk.

Construct comprehensive Investment Policy Statements governing return objectives, risk tolerance, and portfolio constraints. Use when the user asks about building an IPS, setting return objectives, assessing risk tolerance, defining investment constraints, or establishing rebalancing and benchmark policies. Also trigger when users mention 'investment plan', 'policy portfolio', 'risk capacity vs willingness', 'spending rate for an endowment', 'foundation payout', 'manager selection criteria', or ask how to document their investment strategy.

Analyze lending products including mortgages, HELOCs, and personal loans with amortization and comparison tools. Use when the user asks about mortgage comparison, fixed vs ARM rates, loan qualification, amortization schedules, extra payments, or buying points. Also trigger when users mention 'monthly payment calculation', '15-year vs 30-year mortgage', 'PMI', 'APR vs interest rate', 'HELOC', 'home equity', 'should I buy down the rate', 'biweekly payments', or ask how much house they can afford.

Plan and manage cash flow to ensure adequate liquidity while minimizing opportunity cost of excess cash. Use when the user asks about cash flow forecasting, CD or bond laddering, liquidity tiers, income smoothing for variable earners, or sweep strategies. Also trigger when users mention 'T-bill ladder', 'where to park cash', 'irregular income budgeting', 'freelancer cash management', 'lumpy expenses', 'liquidity ratio', 'how much cash to hold', or ask how to plan for large upcoming expenses.

Decompose portfolio returns into explainable components to identify where value was added or lost. Use when the user asks about Brinson attribution, allocation vs selection effects, factor-based attribution, fixed-income attribution, or currency attribution. Also trigger when users mention 'what drove my returns', 'was it stock picking or sector bets', 'alpha decomposition', 'multi-period linking', 'interaction effect', 'active return breakdown', or ask why their portfolio outperformed or underperformed the benchmark.

Evaluate investment performance on a risk-adjusted basis using industry-standard ratios and capture analysis. Use when the user asks about Sharpe ratio, Sortino ratio, Information Ratio, Treynor ratio, Calmar ratio, Omega ratio, or upside/downside capture. Also trigger when users mention 'risk-adjusted returns', 'return per unit of risk', 'M-squared', 'is this fund worth the volatility', 'how to compare two managers', 'capture ratio', or ask which investment performed better after accounting for risk.

Generate clear, accurate performance reports for investment portfolios with benchmarks, attribution, and risk dashboards. Use when the user asks about portfolio performance reports, return summaries, benchmark comparison, risk dashboards, goal progress tracking, or GIPS-compliant reporting. Also trigger when users mention 'quarterly report', 'how did my portfolio do', 'time-weighted vs money-weighted return', 'annualized returns', 'net-of-fee performance', 'rolling Sharpe', or ask how to present investment results to clients.

Assess business quality, competitive positioning, and sustainability of value creation beyond financial models. Use when the user asks about economic moats, competitive advantages, Porter's Five Forces, management quality, ESG integration, or business model analysis. Also trigger when users mention 'does this company have a moat', 'switching costs', 'network effects', 'brand value', 'management track record', 'capital allocation', 'insider ownership', 'red flags', or ask whether a company's advantage is durable.

Estimate intrinsic value of stocks and companies using DCF, dividend discount models, comparable multiples, and residual income. Use when the user asks about discounted cash flow, DCF models, WACC, terminal value, dividend discount models, comparable multiples, or sum-of-the-parts valuation. Also trigger when users mention 'what is this stock worth', 'fair value estimate', 'Gordon growth model', 'free cash flow valuation', 'cost of equity', 'sensitivity analysis', 'exit multiple', or ask whether a stock is overvalued or undervalued.

Analyze real estate and infrastructure investments including REITs, direct property valuation, and infrastructure assets. Use when the user asks about real estate investing, REITs, cap rates, NOI, FFO, AFFO, property valuation, or infrastructure investments. Also trigger when users mention 'rental property analysis', 'cash-on-cash return', 'gross rent multiplier', 'REIT dividends', 'real estate sectors', 'cell towers', 'toll roads', 'LTV ratio', 'DSCR', or ask whether to invest in real estate directly or through REITs.

Maintain portfolio allocations over time using calendar-based, threshold-based, and tax-efficient rebalancing strategies. Use when the user asks about when to rebalance, rebalancing bands, transaction cost trade-offs, tax-efficient rebalancing, or the rebalancing premium. Also trigger when users mention 'my portfolio drifted', 'how often should I rebalance', 'rebalancing across taxable and IRA accounts', 'volatility harvesting', 'buy low sell high automatically', or ask whether to use cash flows to rebalance.

Plan and track savings for specific financial goals including retirement, education, and home purchase. Use when the user asks about required savings rates, 529 plans, retirement accumulation targets, down payment planning, or goal prioritization. Also trigger when users mention 'how much do I need to save each month', 'am I on track for retirement', 'college savings', 'safe withdrawal rate', '4% rule', 'FIRE savings rate', 'catch-up contributions', 'employer match', or ask how to balance competing savings goals.

Maximize after-tax returns through strategic asset location, tax-loss harvesting, gain/loss management, and withdrawal sequencing. Use when the user asks about asset location, tax-loss harvesting, Roth conversions, tax-efficient withdrawals, tax lot selection, or charitable giving with appreciated securities. Also trigger when users mention 'which account should I hold bonds in', 'wash-sale rule', 'tax drag', 'Roth vs Traditional', 'RMD planning', 'bracket stuffing', 'HIFO vs FIFO', or ask how to minimize taxes on investments.

Execute a complete tax-loss harvesting workflow from candidate identification through post-harvest monitoring. Use when the user asks about finding TLH candidates, gain/loss budgeting, replacement security selection, wash-sale compliance, or harvest execution planning. Also trigger when users mention 'unrealized losses in my portfolio', 'swap ETFs for tax purposes', 'harvest losses before year-end', 'substantially identical security', 'wash-sale window', 'NIIT offset', 'loss carryforward', or ask how much tax they can save by harvesting.

Model, forecast, and interpret volatility using time-series models and options-implied measures. Use when the user asks about EWMA, GARCH models, implied volatility, volatility surfaces, volatility term structure, or the VIX. Also trigger when users mention 'volatility smile', 'volatility skew', 'realized vs implied vol', 'volatility risk premium', 'vol clustering', 'mean-reverting volatility', 'options pricing inputs', 'RiskMetrics', 'decay factor', or ask how to forecast future volatility for risk management.