Responsive Patterns

Modern responsive design patterns using Container Queries, fluid typography, and mobile-first strategies for React applications (2026 best practices).

Overview

• Building reusable components that adapt to their container
• Implementing fluid typography that scales smoothly
• Creating responsive layouts without media query overload
• Building design system components for multiple contexts
• Optimizing for variable container sizes (sidebars, modals, grids)

Core Concepts

Container Queries vs Media Queries

Feature	Media Queries	Container Queries
Responds to	Viewport size	Container size
Component reuse	Context-dependent	Truly portable
Browser support	Universal	Baseline 2023+
Use case	Page layouts	Component layouts

Modern CSS Layout

Load Read("${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/rules/css-subgrid.md") for CSS Subgrid patterns: nested grid alignment, card layouts with aligned titles/content/actions, two-dimensional subgrid.

Load Read("${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/rules/css-intrinsic-responsive.md") for intrinsically responsive layouts: auto-fit/minmax grids, clamp() for fluid everything, container queries for component logic, zero media query patterns.

Load Read("${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/rules/responsive-foldables.md") for foldable/multi-screen device support: env(safe-area-inset-*), viewport segment queries, dual-screen layouts, progressive enhancement.

Key patterns covered: CSS Subgrid alignment, intrinsic responsive grids (auto-fit + minmax), fluid clamp() scales, foldable device layouts, safe area insets, viewport segment queries.

CSS Patterns

Load Read("${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/rules/css-patterns.md") for complete CSS examples: container queries, cqi/cqb units, fluid typography with clamp(), mobile-first breakpoints, CSS Grid patterns, and scroll-queries.

Key patterns covered: Container Query basics, Container Query Units (cqi/cqb), Fluid Typography with clamp(), Container-Based Fluid Typography, Mobile-First Breakpoints, CSS Grid Responsive Patterns, Container Scroll-Queries (Chrome 126+).

React Patterns

Load Read("${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/rules/react-patterns.md") for complete React examples: ResponsiveCard component, Tailwind container queries, useContainerQuery hook, and responsive images.

Key patterns covered: Responsive Component with Container Queries, Tailwind CSS Container Queries, useContainerQuery Hook, Responsive Images Pattern.

Accessibility Considerations

/* IMPORTANT: Always include rem in fluid typography */
/* This ensures user font preferences are respected */

/* ❌ WRONG: Viewport-only ignores user preferences */
font-size: 5vw;

/* ✅ CORRECT: Include rem to respect user settings */
font-size: clamp(1rem, 0.5rem + 2vw, 2rem);

/* User zooming must still work */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  /* Use em/rem, not px, for breakpoints in ideal world */
  /* (browsers still use px, but consider user zoom) */
}

Anti-Patterns (FORBIDDEN)

/* ❌ NEVER: Use only viewport units for text */
.title {
  font-size: 5vw; /* Ignores user font preferences! */
}

/* ❌ NEVER: Use cqw/cqh (use cqi/cqb instead) */
.card {
  padding: 5cqw; /* cqw = container width, not logical */
}
/* ✅ CORRECT: Use logical units */
.card {
  padding: 5cqi; /* Container inline = logical direction */
}

/* ❌ NEVER: Container queries without container-type */
@container (min-width: 400px) {
  /* Won't work without container-type on parent! */
}

/* ❌ NEVER: Desktop-first media queries */
.element {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .element {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr; /* Overriding = more CSS */
  }
}

/* ❌ NEVER: Fixed pixel breakpoints for text */
@media (min-width: 768px) {
  body { font-size: 18px; } /* Use rem! */
}

/* ❌ NEVER: Over-nesting container queries */
@container a {
  @container b {
    @container c {
      /* Too complex, reconsider architecture */
    }
  }
}

Browser Support

Feature	Chrome	Safari	Firefox	Edge
Container Size Queries	105+	16+	110+	105+
Container Style Queries	111+	❌	❌	111+
Container Scroll-State	126+	❌	❌	126+
cqi/cqb units	105+	16+	110+	105+
clamp()	79+	13.1+	75+	79+
Subgrid	117+	16+	71+	117+

Rules

Each category has individual rule files in rules/ loaded on-demand:

Category	Rule	Impact	Key Pattern
Modern CSS Layout	rules/css-subgrid.md	HIGH	CSS Subgrid for nested grid alignment, card layouts
Modern CSS Layout	rules/css-intrinsic-responsive.md	HIGH	Intrinsic responsive layouts, auto-fit/minmax, clamp(), zero breakpoints
Modern CSS Layout	rules/responsive-foldables.md	MEDIUM	Foldable devices, safe area insets, viewport segments
CSS	rules/css-patterns.md	HIGH	Container queries, cqi/cqb, fluid typography, grid, scroll-queries
React	rules/react-patterns.md	HIGH	Container query components, Tailwind, useContainerQuery, responsive images
PWA	rules/pwa-service-worker.md	HIGH	Workbox caching strategies, VitePWA, update management
PWA	rules/pwa-offline.md	HIGH	Offline hooks, background sync, install prompts
Animation	rules/animation-motion.md	HIGH	Motion presets, AnimatePresence, View Transitions
Animation	rules/animation-scroll.md	MEDIUM	CSS scroll-driven animations, parallax, progressive enhancement
Touch & Mobile	rules/touch-interaction.md	HIGH	Touch targets (44px min), thumb zones, pinch-to-zoom, safe areas, gestures

Total: 10 rules across 6 categories

Key Decisions

Decision	Option A	Option B	Recommendation
Query type	Media queries	Container queries	Container for components, Media for layout
Container units	cqw/cqh	cqi/cqb	cqi/cqb (logical, i18n-ready)
Fluid type base	vw only	rem + vw	rem + vw (accessibility)
Mobile-first	Yes	Desktop-first	Mobile-first (less CSS, progressive)
Grid pattern	auto-fit	auto-fill	auto-fit for cards, auto-fill for icons

Related Skills

• design-system-starter - Building responsive design systems
• ork:performance - CLS, responsive images, and image optimization
• ork:i18n-date-patterns - RTL/LTR responsive considerations

Capability Details

container-queries

Keywords: @container, container-type, inline-size, container-name Solves: Component-level responsive design

fluid-typography

Keywords: clamp(), fluid, vw, rem, scale, typography Solves: Smooth font scaling without breakpoints

responsive-images

Keywords: srcset, sizes, picture, art direction Solves: Responsive images for different viewports

mobile-first-strategy

Keywords: min-width, mobile, progressive, breakpoints Solves: Efficient responsive CSS architecture

grid-flexbox-patterns

Keywords: auto-fit, auto-fill, subgrid, minmax Solves: Responsive grid and flexbox layouts

container-units

Keywords: cqi, cqb, container width, container height Solves: Sizing relative to container dimensions

References

Load on demand with Read("${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/references/<file>"):

File	Content
container-queries.md	Container query patterns
fluid-typography.md	Accessible fluid type scales