signoz-creating-alerts

Alert Create

Build a SigNoz alert from natural-language intent. Autonomous agents and interactive clients follow the same flow.

Prerequisites

This skill calls SigNoz MCP tools (signoz_create_alert, signoz_list_alert_rules, signoz_get_field_keys, etc.). Confirm they are available; otherwise run signoz-mcp-setup. Never fall back to raw HTTP or fabricate alert configs.

When to use

Use this skill when the user wants to:

• Create, set up, or configure a new alert rule.
• Get paged or notified when a metric, log volume, latency, or error rate crosses a threshold.
• Detect anomalous behavior on a service, host, or signal.
• Catch silent data loss ("alert if data stops arriving from X").

Do NOT use when the user wants to:

• Understand what an existing alert monitors → signoz-explaining-alerts.
• Diagnose why an existing alert fired → signoz-investigating-alerts.
• Modify thresholds, queries, or routing on an existing alert → call signoz_update_alert directly.

Required inputs (strict)

Alert creation writes to a shared system. Enforce this strict input contract; guesses create noisy alerts on the wrong service:

Input	Required	Source if missing
Alert intent (NL goal)	yes	$ARGUMENTS or recent user turn
Resource attribute filter (e.g. service.name, k8s.namespace.name, host.name)	yes	discover via signoz_get_field_keys + signoz_get_field_values
Threshold value(s)	inferred from intent	derive a sensible default and surface in the preview
Severity	inferred from intent	default warning; promote to critical only if user said "page", "wake up", "critical"
Notification channel	yes	signoz_list_notification_channels + offer "create new"

If a required input is missing and undiscoverable, stop before any write and ask through the host's supported clarification UI.

What to include in the question:

• What is missing — name it concretely (e.g. "which resource-attribute filter to use").
• Candidate lists from discovery — concrete values per attribute, e.g.: service.name → frontend, checkout, payments; host.name → prod-api-1, prod-db-1.
• Free-form input so the user can name an unsurfaced value.

In autonomous mode, escalate or use upstream context; never call signoz_create_alert with a guessed value.

Workflow

Step 1: Parse intent and check what's missing

Extract from the user's request:

1. What to monitor — signal type (metrics / logs / traces / exceptions) and the specific condition (CPU, error rate, p99 latency, log count, ...).
2. Resource scope — which service, host, namespace, or environment.
3. Threshold — numeric value and comparison ("above 80%", "below 100/s").
4. Severity — implicit from urgency words ("page" → critical, default warning otherwise).
5. Channel — explicit channel name if the user provided one.

Map signal phrasing to alert type:

User says	alertType	signal
metric, CPU, memory, latency, request rate	METRIC_BASED_ALERT	metrics
log, error logs, log volume, log pattern	LOGS_BASED_ALERT	logs
trace, span, latency p99, slow requests	TRACES_BASED_ALERT	traces
exception, stack trace, crash	EXCEPTIONS_BASED_ALERT	(clickhouse_sql)

If resource scope is missing, run discovery (Step 2). If still missing after discovery, stop and ask the user (see Required inputs above).

Step 2: Discover resource attributes and metric names

When the user does not name a service / host / namespace, the SigNoz MCP guideline applies: always prefer a resource-attribute filter. Discover candidates instead of guessing:

1. Call signoz_get_field_keys with fieldContext=resource to enumerate resource attributes for the chosen signal.
2. Call signoz_get_field_values for the most likely attribute (typically service.name, then host.name, then k8s.namespace.name) to get concrete values.
3. If the user mentioned a metric by name, call signoz_list_metrics with a search term to verify the exact OTel metric name. Wrong names create alerts that never fire.

Surface the candidates in your clarification request (see Required inputs above). Do not pick one.

Step 3: Check for duplicate alerts

Once the scope is resolved (either provided by the user or discovered in Step 2), check for existing alerts before probing data or authoring a new config — both are wasted work if the user wants to update an existing rule instead.

Call signoz_list_alert_rules and paginate through every page — pagination.hasMore is true until you have walked the full list. This lists configured alert rules (the durable state); do not use signoz_list_alerts, which returns currently triggered/active alert instances and will silently miss rules that are configured but not firing right now. Check for existing rules that match the user's intent (same signal + same scope + similar threshold). If a likely duplicate exists, surface it and ask whether to create a new one anyway, modify the existing one (out of scope here — use signoz_update_alert), or cancel.

Step 4: Probe data existence for the chosen filter (fail fast)

Before authoring any alert config, confirm the specific combination the alert will watch (metric × service × any other filter) actually emits data. The most common silent failure is "metric exists in the catalog and the service exists in the catalog, but the service doesn't emit that metric" — each piece checks out in isolation, the alert saves successfully, and it silently never fires.

Run a single probe over the last 1 hour using the same filter the alert will use, but with the simplest aggregation that confirms data exists:

• Metrics: use signoz_query_metrics with the concrete metricName and the alert's filter; it auto-applies aggregation defaults. If the full v5 tool is necessary, use a metrics aggregation object containing metricName, timeAggregation, and spaceAggregation. Metrics do not accept expression aggregations such as count() or filter-only probes.
• Logs: call signoz_aggregate_logs with aggregation: "count" and the alert filter. count() is a Query Builder expression, not a helper-tool argument.
• Traces: call signoz_aggregate_traces with aggregation: "count" and the alert filter. Do not pass aggregation: "count()".

Inspect the result:

• Probe returns rows → proceed to Step 5.
• Probe returns empty → STOP. Do not build an alert config the user will then be asked to throw away. Stop and ask the user (see Required inputs above), describing what was missing and offering concrete recovery:
  • Service doesn't emit the metric → call signoz_get_field_values signal=metrics name=service.name metricName=<metric> to list the services that do emit it; let the user pick a different service or a different metric.
  • Wrong attribute name (service instead of service.name) → suggest the semantic-convention name and re-probe.
  • Service emits the metric but not in the expected time range → widen the probe window once (e.g. last 24h) before declaring no-data.

Exception — log-based crash / panic / OOMKilled / FATAL alerts. These intentionally have zero matches in a healthy system. The probe will return empty by design. Do not stop; instead, surface the zero-match result and ask the user to confirm before save. Treat this exception narrowly: it applies to "alert me when bad thing happens" log queries, not to alerts that depend on continuous data flow.

This cheap probe catches no-data before the user reviews an alert that cannot fire.

Step 5: Build the alert config

The MCP server is the source of truth for the alert JSON schema, threshold codes, and validation rules. Read the signoz://alert/instructions and signoz://alert/examples MCP resources for the canonical, version-current shape.

Threshold/PromQL condition.thresholds requires kind (use "basic") and non-empty spec[], except when alertOnAbsent is the sole trigger. Anomaly rules omit it.

For most user intents, the config is one of a small number of patterns:

Pattern	Example intents
Single-metric threshold	"alert when CPU > 80%", "p99 latency > 2s"
Log volume threshold	"more than N error logs/min"
Trace-based count or p-tile	"p99 span duration > 2s on checkout"
Error-rate formula (A/B*100) — see "Common query shapes" below	"error rate > 5%"
Anomaly detection (Z-score)	"alert me on anomalous traffic"
Absent-data alert	"alert if data stops arriving"
ClickHouse SQL alert — author SQL using the schema in signoz://alert/examples	non-trivial joins, custom aggregations the builder cannot express
PromQL alert — delegate to signoz-generating-queries for the query, then return here	when user already has PromQL

Threshold op and matchType values. Prefer readable words; symbols and legacy numeric codes are accepted but discouraged. Valid op words are above, below, equal, not_equal, above_or_equal, below_or_equal, and outside_bounds; equals is invalid. Use above for anomaly rules: their absolute score covers spikes and drops.

Comparison	op	Evaluation behavior	matchType
above / exceeds / >	"above"	breach at any point	"at_least_once"
below / under / <	"below"	breach for entire window	"all_the_times"
equal / =	"equal"	average breaches	"on_average"
not equal / !=	"not_equal"	sum breaches	"in_total"
		last value breaches	"last"

Defaults the skill applies (and surfaces in the preview):

• evalWindow: 5m0s, frequency: 1m0s — change only if the intent implies a slower or faster cadence.
• matchType: "on_average" for CPU / memory / latency — smooths transient spikes.
• matchType: "at_least_once" for error counts / error rates — catches any breach.

Severity defaults — derive intrinsic urgency, not just wording. An explicit cue overrides this table ("just FYI" → demote; "page me" → promote).

Alert intent	Default severity
Pod crash / OOMKilled / CrashLoopBackOff / panic / FATAL log signals	critical
Service down / no-data on a production service	critical
Error rate above any non-trivial threshold (>1%)	critical
Error logs / exception spikes	warning
Latency degradation (p95/p99 above target)	warning
CPU / memory / disk pressure	warning
Request-rate / traffic anomaly	warning
SLO budget burn (info-level burn rate)	info / warning

When the user's intent is ambiguous on severity (no urgency cue, no clearly-critical condition), default to warning and surface the choice in the preview so they can adjust.

Attribute names — use exact keys returned by signoz_get_field_keys; when available they are usually OTel names such as service.name, not service.

Annotation templates — include moving values; on-call sees the notification, not the config:

• summary — single-line headline. Include the resource scope and the numeric value: "checkoutservice error rate {{$value}}% above 3%".
• description — longer message. Include {{$value}}, {{$threshold}}, the groupBy values (e.g. {{$labels.service_name}}), and a sentence on what to do or where to look. For count-based alerts include the count explicitly: "{{$value}} crash log lines in the last 5 minutes from service {{$labels.service_name}}".

Use {{$value}} for the breaching value, {{$threshold}} for the target, and {{$labels.<key>}} for groupBy values (note SigNoz substitutes the dotted attribute name with underscores: service.name → service_name).

Common query shapes — conventions

Read signoz://alert/examples for the authoritative JSON of all patterns (error rate, p99 latency, log volume, absent-data, anomaly, PromQL, ClickHouse SQL). The conventions that don't live in the schema:

• Error-rate formula: set disabled: true on the component queries A and B so only the formula F1 renders in the alert chart and notification. The raw counts are intermediate, not the alert signal — forgetting this clutters the preview with three series and confuses the on-call engineer reading the notification.
• p99 latency: the query emits nanoseconds, but express the threshold in the user's unit (for example target: 2, targetUnit: "s"); SigNoz converts it during evaluation.
• Low-traffic percentile guard: put count() > N in the percentile query's having.expression and set stepInterval to the requested bucket size (for example, 60 for “per minute”). Do not invent comparison operators inside a formula such as A * (B >= N).
• Log volume spike: prefer groupBy: service.name over a hard filter when the user said "any service" — groupBy provides the scoping AND keeps the notification useful per-service.

Step 6: Dry-run the full query and validate the threshold

Step 4 confirmed data flows. Step 6 does two things:

1. Validate query shape. Run the full builder spec (with groupBy, formulas, disabled component queries, and non-string filters) — Step 4's bare count() probe doesn't exercise these. The create-alert schema accepts queries that error at evaluation (numeric groupBy, unquoted bool filter, mismatched aggregation). Any HTTP 5xx or "filter type mismatch" = fix the config before proceeding to (2). disabled: true on formula component queries (A, B in A * 100 / B) is the recommended pattern, not a failure — see Step 5.
2. Calibrate the threshold. Given the validated query, would the alert have fired a sensible number of times in the last hour?

Run the full primary query (or formula) over the last hour:

• signoz_execute_builder_query for all builder, formula, and PromQL queries — set compositeQuery.queries[].type to builder_query / builder_formula / promql as appropriate. Alert PromQL specs carry only name / query / legend / disabled; dry-run execution PromQL specs may also carry step / stats. Still omit builder-only stepInterval. Put the string in spec.query, read signoz://promql/instructions for the UTF-8 quoted-selector form SigNoz requires ({"metric.name.with.dots"} — not the underscored or bare-dotted forms), and keep alert PromQL fully literal: no $var, $__rate_interval, or other dashboard variable is evaluated.
• Alert specs omit time bounds, but this dry-run cannot: set outer-query start / end to absolute JSON integer Unix-ms (e.g. now−3600000 → now), or signoz_execute_builder_query fails with missing start or end timestamp.
• For intent grouped by a dimension, each execution groupBy[].name is the exact Step 2 key (e.g. k8s.pod.name), never empty. Omit groupBy otherwise.
• signoz_aggregate_logs / signoz_aggregate_traces when those fit better.
• signoz_query_metrics when the alert query targets a single known metric by metricName — the tool auto-applies aggregation defaults and accepts filter, groupBy, and formula alongside. PromQL is not supported here; use signoz_execute_builder_query for that.

For every persisted alert and dry-run, each builder_query and builder_formula spec must include a positive limit plus a non-empty Query Builder v5 order. Standalone queries and formula results use limit: 100. Every builder_query referenced by a formula uses limit: 10000, because SigNoz limits each component before formula evaluation; independently ranking the top 100 numerator and denominator groups can silently prevent an alert from firing. Find those inputs from every formula expression, including formulas with disabled: true, following formula references until all builder_query leaves are found. This dependency walk determines bounds only; it does not guarantee formula-to-formula evaluation order, so dry-run the complete composite payload. Use __result desc for metrics/formulas and the primary aggregation desc for logs/traces. This field is order, not dashboard editor orderBy. Preserve the fields when copying the validated query into the alert. If expected formula-input cardinality can exceed 10000, narrow the filters/grouping and tell the user completeness cannot otherwise be guaranteed.

Compute how many evaluation points breached the proposed threshold. Surface in the preview as "would have fired N times in the last 1h". A 1h window is too short to grade most alerts — only the upper extreme is actionable:

• N is large (e.g. > 30) → likely alert storm. Surface and recommend tightening or adding hysteresis (recoveryTarget).
• N = 0 → expected for a healthy system; do not nudge the user to loosen. Only flag if the user said they'd expect the alert firing right now (e.g. during an active incident).
• N is small and non-zero → report the count; the user decides whether the threshold is right. One hour can't distinguish "tuned well" from "barely caught a transient".

3. Exceptions:
   • Anomaly alerts — execute the underlying metric query without the anomaly functions transform to verify its shape and data, then skip the breach count (Z-scores aren't directly comparable to raw values). Be explicit that this validates the base query, not anomaly scoring.
   • Log-based crash / panic / OOMKilled / FATAL alerts — these intentionally have zero matches in a healthy system. Step 4 has already surfaced the zero-match result and obtained user confirmation; skip the breach count.

If Step 4 was somehow skipped (e.g. a downstream skill is invoking this flow mid-stream), the no-data stop rule applies here too: empty result → stop and ask the user (see Required inputs above) instead of saving an alert that will never fire.

Step 7: Resolve notification channels

Resolve at least one channel after dry-run and final severity; otherwise the alert saves but never notifies.

1. Call signoz_list_notification_channels and follow pagination.nextOffset while pagination.hasMore is true.
2. If the user named a channel ("send to slack-infra"), use it if it exists; if not, fall through.
3. Otherwise present the user with two options:
   • Pick from existing — list channels with their type (Slack, PagerDuty, email, webhook) so the user can choose.
   • Create new inline — call signoz_create_notification_channel with channel parameters the user provides (name, type, type-specific config like Slack webhook URL or PagerDuty integration key).
4. If neither path resolves a channel, stop and ask the user for a notification channel (see Required inputs above).

Channel creation is admin-gated. On PERMISSION_DENIED, have an admin create it out of band or configure a dedicated, short-lived minimum-role credential via the host's environment/secret store; never request an elevated key in chat or tracked config.

Place the resolved channel according to the rule schema:

• threshold_rule / promql_rule (v2alpha1): attach direct-routing channels to each condition.thresholds.spec[N].channels array — typically warning → Slack only, critical → Slack + PagerDuty. When alertOnAbsent is the sole trigger and thresholds are omitted, put fallback channels in top-level preferredChannels.
• anomaly_rule (v1): thresholds are forbidden, so put channel names in the top-level preferredChannels array.

Never put a chosen anomaly or absent-only channel in a nonexistent thresholds block, or substitute preferredChannels for per-tier multi-severity routing.

Handling secret-bearing channel config

Slack webhook URLs, PagerDuty integration keys, and similar webhook tokens are secrets. When the user supplies them inline, treat them as opaque inputs and follow these rules:

• Do not echo the secret back. Never include the webhook URL, integration key, or any password-like token in chat output, previews, confirmation messages, summaries, or the <navigation_suggestions> payload. Refer to the channel by its name only ("Slack channel slack-infra created") and omit the value entirely.
• Do not stash secrets in clarification context. If you need to ask the user a follow-up question after they pasted a secret, do not include the secret value in the clarification message, discovered_context, or any other field that the host may persist for resume. Refer to it symbolically (e.g. "the webhook you just provided").
• One-pass only. Pass the secret directly to signoz_create_notification_channel and do not retain it in any intermediate prose. After the create call succeeds, refer to the channel by name; after a failure, ask the user to re-paste rather than echoing what they sent.
• If the user instead asks "how do I set up a Slack channel?" — that is a docs question, not a create-channel request. Answer with the docs flow (the SigNoz UI's Notification Channels page) and do not solicit the secret in chat at all. Prefer the UI path when the user seems uncertain about exposing the token.

Step 8: Preview the prepared config

Emit a one-paragraph plain-language summary of what will be created — no raw JSON dump. The user-facing facts (what fires, on what scope, at what threshold, where it routes) are captured by the summary; clicking through the JSON does not catch query-shape errors (Step 6's dry-run does).

Summary: This alert fires when [condition] for [resource scope], evaluated every [frequency] over the last [window]. Thresholds: warning at X, critical at Y. Notifications go to [channels]. Dry-run on the last hour: would have fired N times.

Step 9: Save and report

1. Call signoz_create_alert with the config from Step 8.
2. Name collision — if signoz_create_alert returns a duplicate-name error, do not suffix-append or call signoz_update_alert. Stop and tell the user the existing alert blocked creation; offer to use a different name or modify the existing alert (which is out of scope for this skill).
3. On success, report:
   • The alert ID and name.
   • What it watches and at what threshold.
   • Which channels are wired up.
   • The dry-run summary ("would have fired N times in last 1h").

Guardrails

• Strict inputs over guessing Resource attribute and channel are required; if missing, stop and ask rather than guessing a service.
• Always paginate signoz_list_alert_rules Stopping at page 1 misses duplicates and produces noise.
• Dry-run is mandatory Complete Steps 4 and 6 before signoz_create_alert; a never-firing alert creates false confidence.
• Threshold operators use canonical words Prefer valid words, never equals. Numeric codes ("1"–"7") are accepted but discouraged — same goes for matchType ("on_average" / "at_least_once", not "3" / "1").
• Signal must match alertType signal: "logs" requires LOGS_BASED_ALERT. Mismatches fail validation.
• Anomaly rules are metrics-only anomaly_rule + non-metric alertType is rejected.
• Channels must exist and use the rule's routing field. Use exact names from signoz_list_notification_channels; put them in per-threshold channels for threshold/PromQL rules, or top-level preferredChannels for anomaly and absent-only threshold/PromQL rules without thresholds.
• Never echo channel secrets. Slack webhook URLs, PagerDuty integration keys, and similar webhook tokens are secrets. Pass them to signoz_create_notification_channel once and never repeat the value in chat output, previews, confirmations, summaries, clarification payloads, or navigation suggestions. Refer to the channel by name only after creation; ask the user to re-paste on failure rather than reproducing what they sent.

Examples

Four canonical alert flows — multi-severity metric threshold, error-rate formula, log-volume groupBy, anomaly detection — live in references/examples.md.

Additional resources

• signoz://alert/instructions and signoz://alert/examples MCP resources — full alert config JSON schema, threshold codes, filter expression syntax, and version-current pattern examples. Always preferred over any transcribed copy.
• signoz-generating-queries skill — for authoring PromQL or testing queries before wrapping them in an alert.