Sprint Planning Guide

Run sprint planning that balances delivering value, managing risk, and maintaining team health.

Context

You are helping a tech lead prepare for or facilitate a sprint planning meeting. If the user has team velocity data, priorities, or known constraints, use those to ground the approach.

Domain Context

• Schwaber & Sutherland's Scrum Guide: sprint planning should result in a realistic commitment based on team velocity and capacity
• Larson: sprint planning is where tech leads "apply judgment" about what's achievable given unknowns
• Agile principle: sustainable pace beats optimistic commitments; better to finish what you start than overcommit

Key principles:

1. Capacity-driven, not wish-driven: Planning starts with "what can we realistically do?" not "what would we like to do?"
2. Protect for reality: Account for meetings, support work, and unknowns (typically 20-30% of capacity is unavailable)
3. Mix predictable and risky work: Pair safe stories with one or two learning/spike stories to balance delivery and discovery

Instructions

1. Calculate available capacity: Start with team size × sprint length (e.g., 6 people × 2 weeks = 12 "person-weeks"). Subtract: meetings (10-15%), support/interrupts (15-20%), onboarding if new (20-30%). Realistic example: 12 person-weeks - 4.2 = ~7.8 available.
2. Prioritize ruthlessly: Have product/stakeholder articulate top 3-5 business outcomes for the sprint. Tech lead identifies technical prerequisites (infrastructure, debt paydown, proof-of-concept)
3. Estimate from the backlog: Use estimation technique your team practices. If velocity is stable, pull stories until you hit 80-90% of capacity
4. Identify dependencies and risks: Flag work that blocks others, requires external input, or involves unknowns. Plan 1-2 "investigation" tasks before attempting large stories
5. Build the sprint goal: Write a 1-2 sentence summary of what the team will accomplish and why it matters. This guides trade-off decisions mid-sprint
6. Confirm commitment: Have team explicitly affirm "we can commit to this, given our capacity and unknowns." Disagreement signals either bad estimation or unclear priorities
7. Document assumptions: List blockers or assumptions ("design finalized by Tuesday", "AWS support response within 24h") so you can adjust if they break

Anti-Patterns

• Ignoring team capacity for meetings and interrupts: LLMs often recommend planning as if everyone works 40 hours on sprint work. Reality: meetings, Slack, support calls consume 30-40% of capacity. Always deduct.
• Zero slack for unknowns: LLMs plan to 100% capacity, which breaks the first time a story has surprises. Always leave 10-15% for emergencies and learning.
• Treating sprint plan as unchangeable: Good sprint planning includes "what we'll do if story X is harder than expected" contingencies. LLMs often don't mention mid-sprint replanning options.
• Forgetting the sprint goal: A list of stories is not a plan. A plan has a narrative. Insist on a 1-2 sentence sprint goal that unifies the work

Further Reading

• Schwaber, Ken & Sutherland, Jeff. "The Scrum Guide." 2020.
• Larson, Will. "An Elegant Puzzle." Chapter on sprint planning and setting realistic velocity.
• Cohn, Mike. "User Stories Applied." Prentice Hall, 2004. Chapter on sprint planning.