centos-stream-knowledge-patch

CentOS Stream knowledge patch

Baseline: CentOS Stream 9. Covered range: CentOS Stream 10.0 and Enterprise Linux 9.8 through 10.2, including major-version adoption guidance.

Reference index

Reference	Topics
Platform, installation, and upgrades	Hardware baseline, lifecycle, Leapp, Anaconda, Kickstart, Image Builder, bootc, Secure Boot, UKIs, EUS, ReaR
Packages, runtimes, and development	Default versions, modules, databases, compilers, libraries, DNF, repositories, RPM specs and signing
Security, identity, and cryptography	AIDE, SSH, crypto policies, LUKS policy, PKCS #11, SELinux, IdM, SSSD, Directory Server, OpenSCAP
Networking	NetworkManager, Nmstate, IPsec, nftables, firewalld, DHCP, routing, DNS, VSOCK, interface migration
Storage, kernel, and hardware	Kernel controls, kdump, live patching, multipath, LVM, Stratis, VDO, XFS, drivers, scheduler changes
Containers and image mode	Podman, Quadlet, bootc, runtime and cgroup migration, registry images, disconnected updates, microVM isolation
Virtualization	libvirt, QEMU, Hyper-V, migration, SCSI reservations, passt, VSOCK, secrets, machine-type removals
Services, HA, observability, and desktop	Cockpit, system roles, Pacemaker, pcs, PCP, web and mail services, printing, GNOME, Flatpak, editors
Project ecosystem	Repository hosting and RDO delivery changes

Use this patch

1. Identify the target major and minor release before changing configuration.
2. Read the reference matching the subsystem being changed.
3. Treat removal, deprecation, hardware-baseline, and upgrade-path notes as migration gates.
4. Check preview status before relying on a feature in production.
5. Test crypto-policy, identity, storage, boot, and network changes on a representative host.

Breaking changes and migration gates

Hardware and boot

• CentOS Stream 10 x86_64 requires x86-64-v3. Other targets begin at ARMv8.0-A, POWER9, and IBM z14.
• A 9.8-to-10.2 Leapp upgrade requires x86-64-v3, ARMv8.0-A, POWER10 or newer, or IBM z15 or newer. Enterprise Linux 8 must pass through 9 before 10.
• Before a Secure Boot upgrade, update the Stream 9-era host to a shim that trusts the signing CAs used by the 10.2 shim and confirm that firmware has a suitable certificate enrolled.
• CentOS Stream 10 cannot mount XFS V4. Back up, recreate as XFS V5, and restore before migration.
• GFS2 and the Resilient Storage Add-On are unavailable. Keep those workloads on an earlier supported major release or redesign storage.

Containers and host configuration

• runc is removed. Convert existing Podman containers with podman system migrate --new-runtime=crun.
• Only cgroup v2 can boot. Convert workloads that require cgroup v1.
• CNI networking is unsupported; use Netavark. Rootless slirp4netns is deprecated in favor of pasta.
• RHEL 7-era containers are unsupported on a Stream 10-era host.
• The packaged storage.conf moves from /etc/containers to /usr/share/containers.
• Podman 6 removes BoltDB. Podman 5.8 attempts migration to SQLite; retry with podman system migrate --migrate-db.

Network configuration

• Network teams, teamd, and libteam are removed. Convert teams to kernel bonds.
• NetworkManager no longer reads ifcfg profiles from /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts; migrate them to keyfiles in /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections.
• External dhclient is removed. Use NetworkManager's internal DHCP client.
• Native NVMe multipath is always enabled; nvme_core.multipath and DM Multipath for NVMe over RDMA or Fibre Channel are unavailable.
• Firewalld lockdown is removed. Replace it with explicit privilege and service isolation.

Authentication and cryptography

• authselect-libs owns /etc/nsswitch.conf and selected PAM files. Put changes in a custom profile or run authselect opt-out.
• SSSD's files provider and its authselect profile options are removed; use the proxy provider when SSSD must expose local identities.
• nscd is removed. Use systemd-resolved for DNS caching and SSSD for other name services.
• compat-openssl11, the OpenSSL ENGINE API, engine.h, and engine-based PKCS #11 integration are gone or deprecated. Build for OpenSSL 3 providers and use pkcs11-provider.
• The DEFAULT:SHA1 subpolicy is removed. RSA key-exchange TLS suites require LEGACY or a custom policy; TLS 1.0/1.1 also needs application security level 0.
• A FIPS-mode 10 replica cannot join an older IdM deployment whose Kerberos master key still uses AES HMAC-SHA1.

Packages, compilers, and filesystems

• GCC 14 diagnoses implicit int, implicit function declarations, and pointer-to-integer misuse as C errors.
• On IBM Power, long double uses the IEEE128 ABI and is incompatible with the older IBM double-double ABI.
• Berkeley DB 5 and libdb are absent. Migrate applications, Directory Server databases, and Postfix maps.
• Traditional zlib is provided through zlib-ng compatibility packages; TBB 2021.11 consumers must be rebuilt.
• %patch in RPM specs must name patch numbers. %patchN is deprecated, and an unnumbered %patch fails.
• DNF does not fetch filelists by default. Enable optional_metadata_types=filelists for path dependency resolution.

Installer and image workflows

• RDP replaces VNC for remote graphical installation.
• The installer GUI cannot add repositories; use Kickstart or inst.addrepo.
• Removed Kickstart interfaces include pwpolicy, %anaconda, auth, authconfig, %addon com_redhat_oscap, the deprecated module command, and several old option spellings.
• Image-mode UEFI installation needs separate EFI System, /boot, and root partitions; the default /boot size is 2 GiB.
• bootc-image-builder is deprecated; use the AppStream image-builder command.

Platform quick reference

CentOS Stream 10 baseline

• Kernel 6.12; Python 3.12; GCC 14; Go 1.23; Rust 1.82; LLVM 19.
• Ruby 3.3; Node.js 22; PHP 8.3; OpenJDK 21.
• Apache HTTP Server 2.4.62; nginx 1.26.
• PostgreSQL 16; MariaDB 10.11; MySQL 8.4; Valkey 7.2.
• GNOME 47; Qt 6.7; DNF 4.20; RPM 4.19.
• Alternative application versions are ordinary AppStream RPMs, not modular streams.
• Wayland is the display server; Xwayland supports legacy X11 clients. The Xorg server package is absent.

Upgrade paths

Enterprise Linux 7 -> 8 -> 9
Enterprise Linux 8.10 -> 9.8
Enterprise Linux 9.8 -> 10.2

Direct 7-to-9 and 8-to-10 upgrades are unsupported. Read the platform reference for architecture and SAP HANA conditions.

Image mode and bootc

• bootc upgrade --download-only downloads without selecting the image for the next boot.
• bootc upgrade --from-downloaded deploys exactly the staged image without checking the registry.
• Image Builder can create network-installer ISOs, stateless PXE artifacts, bootable containers, and disk images.
• bcvk launches boot containers as ephemeral VMs or converts them to persistent disk images.
• Boot Loader Specification entries can use efi to point to a UKI under /boot/efi/EFI/Linux.

Security quick reference

OpenSSH 9.9

• ssh-keygen defaults to Ed25519, or RSA under FIPS.
• Review ChannelTimeout, PerSourcePenalties, CanonicalMatchUser, PAMServiceName, EnableEscapeCommandline, and GSSAPIDelegatedCredentials.
• The server is split into sshd and sshd-session; disabling privilege separation or daemon re-execution is unsupported.

Post-quantum policies

• The PQ subpolicy enables hybrid ML-KEM and ML-DSA in GnuTLS and mlkem768x25519-sha256 in OpenSSH.
• The 10.2 FUTURE policy permits only hybrid ML-KEM key exchange and intentionally breaks many CDN, Java, and legacy-peer connections.
• OpenSSL 3.5 standardizes ML-KEM and ML-DSA private-key formats; convert old unencrypted keys with:

openssl pkcs8 -in old-key -nocrypt -topk8 -out standard-key

LUKS and key handling

• clevis-pin-trustee releases LUKS keys through Trustee KBS remote attestation and supports combination with Tang or TPM2 policy.
• link-volume-key= in /etc/crypttab can place a LUKS2 key in a kernel keyring for crash-kernel reuse.
• cryptsetup reencrypt supports token-bound LUKS2 devices.

Networking quick reference

• Set ipv4.forwarding per NetworkManager or Nmstate connection; auto follows shared-connection state and otherwise the kernel default.
• Set rd.net.dhcp.client-id=<id> when early-boot DHCP must present a stable client ID.
• Nmstate's alt-names adds or removes interface alternative names.
• NetworkManager Libreswan supports multiple left/right subnets and nm-connect-mode=ondemand.
• Dynamic nftables netdev hooks may bind future interfaces and wildcard suffixes; inspect them with nft list hooks.
• Firewalld policy sets provide reusable collections such as the gateway router baseline.
• Use tcp_rto_max_ms or per-socket TCP_RTO_MAX_MS to lower the 120000 ms retransmission ceiling.

Storage, kernel, and hardware quick reference

• Kernel 9.8 enables io_uring; HSR and PRP are fully supported.
• purge_disconnected yes lets multipathd remove disconnected SCSI LUNs instead of queueing indefinitely.
• Snapm 0.7 can mount, inspect, execute within, and boot snapshot sets.
• LVM supports volume-group-scope persistent reservations; Stratis retains unlocked encrypted-pool keys in the daemon keyring for automatic extension.
• EEVDF replaces CFS. Rename sched_min_granularity tuning to sched_base_slice; sched_wakeup_granularity is removed.
• Audit removed and unmaintained hardware with lspci -nn before a major-version upgrade.

Package and runtime quick reference

• Valkey replaces Redis.
• PostgreSQL 18 enables data-page checksums by default and deprecates MD5 authentication.
• MariaDB 11.8 defaults to utf8mb4; remove innodb_defragment and migrate from deprecated mysql* command symlinks.
• Newer runtime choices include Node.js 24, Ruby 4.0, Python 3.14, OpenJDK 25, PostgreSQL 18, and MariaDB 11.8.
• createrepo_c defaults to Zstandard metadata and omits SQLite metadata unless --database is passed.
• RPM supports multiple, RFC 9580, and post-quantum signatures; rpmsign --addsign preserves existing signatures.

Operations quick reference

• PCP can ingest and export OpenTelemetry data with pmdaopentelemetry and pcp2opentelemetry.
• Pacemaker's portblock agent uses nftables by default.
• Cockpit delegates TLS to cockpit-tls; remove obsolete pam_cockpit_cert configuration.
• System Roles add upgrade analysis, remediation, and execution roles, plus broader storage, immutable-host, HA, SSH, firewall, and metrics support.
• The standalone pcsd web UI is gone; install the cockpit-ha-cluster add-on.

Preview and deprecation discipline

• Do not treat Developer Preview or Technology Preview interfaces as production support commitments.
• Before adopting a preview, read its limitations in the matching reference and provide a rollback path.
• For every deprecated package, interface, command, image, or machine type, migrate to the documented replacement before the next major release.