spark-operations-cli

Update Check — ONCE PER SESSION (mandatory) The first time this skill is used in a session, run the check-updates skill before proceeding.

• GitHub Copilot CLI / VS Code: invoke the check-updates skill.
• Claude Code / Cowork / Cursor / Windsurf / Codex: compare local vs remote package.json version.
• Skip if the check was already performed earlier in this session.

CRITICAL NOTES

1. To find the workspace details (including its ID) from workspace name: list all workspaces and, then, use JMESPath filtering
2. To find the item details (including its ID) from workspace ID, item type, and item name: list all items of that type in that workspace and, then, use JMESPath filtering
3. Skill disambiguation: spark-operations-cli is for read-only triage and diagnosis of existing jobs and sessions. For creating notebooks, running new jobs, or Spark development, use spark-authoring-cli. For interactive PySpark analysis and Livy session creation, use spark-consumption-cli.

Spark Operations — CLI Skill

This skill provides diagnostics for Microsoft Fabric Spark job failures, Livy session health, and performance bottlenecks using Fabric REST APIs and CLI tools (az rest). All diagnostic operations are read-only; session cleanup (e.g., stopping zombie sessions) requires explicit user confirmation. For Spark development and notebook authoring, use spark-authoring-cli. For interactive PySpark analysis, use spark-consumption-cli.

Table of Contents

Task	Reference	Notes
Fabric Topology & Key Concepts	COMMON-CORE.md § Fabric Topology & Key Concepts
Environment URLs	COMMON-CORE.md § Environment URLs
Authentication & Token Acquisition	COMMON-CORE.md § Authentication & Token Acquisition	Wrong audience = 401; read before any auth issue
Core Control-Plane REST APIs	COMMON-CORE.md § Core Control-Plane REST APIs
Pagination	COMMON-CORE.md § Pagination
Long-Running Operations (LRO)	COMMON-CORE.md § Long-Running Operations (LRO)
Rate Limiting & Throttling	COMMON-CORE.md § Rate Limiting & Throttling
Job Execution	COMMON-CORE.md § Job Execution
Capacity Management	COMMON-CORE.md § Capacity Management
Gotchas & Troubleshooting	COMMON-CORE.md § Gotchas & Troubleshooting
Best Practices	COMMON-CORE.md § Best Practices
Tool Selection Rationale	COMMON-CLI.md § Tool Selection Rationale
Finding Workspaces and Items in Fabric	COMMON-CLI.md § Finding Workspaces and Items in Fabric	Mandatory — READ link first [needed for finding workspace id by its name or item id by its name, item type, and workspace id]
Authentication Recipes	COMMON-CLI.md § Authentication Recipes	az login flows and token acquisition
Fabric Control-Plane API via az rest	COMMON-CLI.md § Fabric Control-Plane API via az rest	Always pass --resource https://api.fabric.microsoft.com or az rest fails
Pagination Pattern	COMMON-CLI.md § Pagination Pattern
Long-Running Operations (LRO) Pattern	COMMON-CLI.md § Long-Running Operations (LRO) Pattern
Gotchas & Troubleshooting (CLI-Specific)	COMMON-CLI.md § Gotchas & Troubleshooting (CLI-Specific)	az rest audience, shell escaping, token expiry
Quick Reference: az rest Template	COMMON-CLI.md § Quick Reference: az rest Template
Quick Reference: Token Audience / CLI Tool Matrix	COMMON-CLI.md § Quick Reference: Token Audience ↔ CLI Tool Matrix	Which --resource + tool for each service
Livy Session Management	SPARK-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Livy Session Management	Session creation, states, lifecycle, termination
Interactive Data Exploration	SPARK-CONSUMPTION-CORE.md § Interactive Data Exploration	Statement execution, output retrieval, data discovery
Notebook Execution & Job Management	SPARK-AUTHORING-CORE.md § Notebook Execution & Job Management
Job Failure Classification	job-diagnostics.md § Failure Classification	OOM, shuffle, timeout, dependency, configuration errors
Reading Spark Logs via REST	job-diagnostics.md § Reading Spark Logs via REST	Driver/executor log retrieval from Livy
Job Instance History	job-diagnostics.md § Job Instance History	Query recent runs, compare durations, detect regressions
Failure Triage Workflow	job-diagnostics.md § Failure Triage Workflow	Step-by-step decision tree for diagnosing failures
Session Health Assessment	session-health.md § Livy Session Lifecycle	Session states, transitions, expected durations
Idle and Zombie Session Detection	session-health.md § Idle and Zombie Session Detection	Find and clean up leaked sessions
Session Resource Monitoring	session-health.md § Session Resource Monitoring	Memory and executor usage via Livy
Session Recovery Patterns	session-health.md § Session Recovery Patterns	Restart strategies and session replacement
Performance Anti-Patterns	performance-patterns.md § Anti-Patterns	Spill, shuffle, skew, small files, collect misuse
Stage and Task Analysis	performance-patterns.md § Stage and Task Analysis	Reading Spark UI metrics via REST
Optimization Recipes	performance-patterns.md § Optimization Recipes	Partition tuning, broadcast joins, caching
Capacity and Resource Diagnostics	performance-patterns.md § Capacity and Resource Diagnostics	CU consumption, throttling detection
JobInsight Event Log Copy	jobinsight-api.md § LogUtils.copyEventLog	Copy event logs from Fabric to OneLake for offline analysis
Local Spark History Server	spark-history-server.md § Overview	Start local SHS for full Spark UI (DAG, tasks, SQL plans)
Pipeline Run Diagnosis	pipeline-diagnosis.md	Diagnose all Spark activities within a pipeline run (Steps P1–P6)
Spark Monitoring API Overview	SPARK-MONITORING-CORE.md § Overview	GA monitoring APIs — no active session required
Workspace & Item Session Listing	SPARK-MONITORING-CORE.md § Workspace and Item-Level Session Listing	List Spark apps across workspace with filtering
Open-Source Spark History Server APIs	SPARK-MONITORING-CORE.md § Open-Source Spark History Server APIs	Jobs, stages, executors, SQL queries via REST
Driver and Executor Log APIs	SPARK-MONITORING-CORE.md § Driver and Executor Log APIs	Direct log retrieval without active session
Livy Log API	SPARK-MONITORING-CORE.md § Livy Log API	Session-level log with byte-offset pagination
Spark Advisor API	SPARK-MONITORING-CORE.md § Spark Advisor API	Key — automated skew detection, task errors, recommendations
Resource Usage API	SPARK-MONITORING-CORE.md § Resource Usage API	vCore timeline, idle/running cores, efficiency metrics
Monitoring Diagnostic Workflow	SPARK-MONITORING-CORE.md § Diagnostic Workflow Using Monitoring APIs	Step-by-step triage using monitoring APIs
Manual CLI Recipes	diagnostic-workflow.md § Manual CLI Recipes	Ad-hoc diagnostic commands for manual use
Key Diagnostic Patterns	diagnostic-workflow.md § Key Diagnostic Patterns	Symptom → first check → likely cause lookup
Diagnostic Tiers	diagnostic-workflow.md § Diagnostic Tiers	Tier 1 (online REST) vs Tier 2 (local SHS)
Severity Thresholds	diagnostic-workflow.md § Severity Thresholds	Metric thresholds for classifying findings

---

Must/Prefer/Avoid

MUST DO

• Always retrieve job/session status before attempting remediation
• Use workspace and item discovery from COMMON-CLI.md — never hardcode IDs
• Check Livy session state before submitting diagnostic statements
• Follow the Failure Triage Workflow for systematic diagnosis
• Always check the Spark Advisor API before reading raw logs — it often identifies the root cause immediately
• Use monitoring APIs (no active session required) before attempting Livy-based diagnostics
• Poll job/session status with 10–30 second intervals; timeout diagnostics after 30 minutes
• Always include the Notebook Snapshot URL in diagnostic output — it has the longest retention and enables cell-level inspection in the Fabric UI

PREFER

• Querying job instance history to establish baseline before declaring a regression
• Reusing existing idle sessions for diagnostic queries instead of creating new ones
• Checking capacity utilization when jobs are slow before blaming the Spark code
• Using az rest with JMESPath filtering to extract specific fields from large API responses
• The Spark Advisor API over manual log parsing for skew, task errors, and timeout detection
• Resource Usage API coreEfficiency metric to quantify cluster utilization before recommending scaling
• Job instance history comparison (last 5 runs) to detect regressions before deep-diving

AVOID

• Killing sessions without checking if they have active statements
• Creating new sessions for every diagnostic query (reuse idle sessions)
• Assuming OOM without checking actual memory metrics from Livy
• Hardcoded workspace or item IDs in diagnostic scripts
• Diagnosing performance without first checking capacity throttling via the Admin API
• Submitting diagnostic statements to sessions in busy state

---

Examples

Example 1: Diagnose a Failed Notebook

User prompt: "Why did my notebook ETL_Daily fail in workspace Production?"

Agent workflow:

1. Resolves workspace → workspaceId, item → itemId (Notebook)
2. Lists recent Livy sessions, auto-picks the Failed session
3. Queries Spark Advisor → finds TaskError: OutOfMemoryError on executor
4. Queries /stages → confirms data skew (12× max/median ratio in stage 5)
5. Presents report with HIGH findings + fix recommendations

Example 2: Triage Stuck Livy Session

User prompt: "My Livy session abc-1234 is stuck in starting state"

Agent workflow:

1. Uses session ID directly, queries session state
2. Lists all workspace sessions → detects 8 concurrent sessions (capacity pressure)
3. Checks Livy log → no errors, just queued
4. Reports: capacity contention, recommends waiting or cancelling idle sessions

Example 3: Pipeline Failure Root Cause

User prompt: "Diagnose pipeline run 5678 in workspace Analytics"

Agent workflow:

1. Resolves pipeline, calls queryActivityRuns for run 5678
2. Finds 2 Notebook activities: one Succeeded, one Failed
3. Extracts output.result.error.{ename, evalue, traceback} from failed activity
4. Constructs Notebook Snapshot URL for cell-level inspection
5. Presents error details + snapshot link + suggested fix

---

Quick Start

Environment Setup

Apply environment detection from COMMON-CLI.md to set:

• $FABRIC_API_BASE and $FABRIC_RESOURCE_SCOPE
• $FABRIC_API_URL and $LIVY_API_PATH for Livy operations

Authentication: Use token acquisition from COMMON-CLI.md § Authentication Recipes.

---

Automated Diagnostic Workflow

When the user provides a simple prompt (e.g., "Diagnose my notebook ETL_Pipeline", "What's wrong with Spark application abc-123", "Check workspace Production for issues"), follow this automated workflow. The agent collects all data and reports findings — the user does not need to know specific error patterns or API details.

Entry Points (what the user provides)

User provides	Agent resolves
Workspace name	→ workspaceId (via workspace list + name filter)
Notebook / SJD / Lakehouse name	→ itemId (via item list + name/type filter)
Pipeline name + run ID	→ Find child Notebook/SJD activities → extract Spark sessions (see Pipeline Run Diagnosis)
Livy session ID	→ Use directly
Spark application ID	→ Use directly
Nothing specific	→ Ask for at minimum workspace name + item name

Step 1 — Resolve & Discover

# Resolve workspace
workspaceId=$(az rest --method get --resource "$FABRIC_RESOURCE_SCOPE" \
  --url "$FABRIC_API_URL/workspaces" \
  --query "value[?displayName=='<UserWorkspaceName>'].id" --output tsv)

# Resolve item (notebook, SJD, or lakehouse)
itemId=$(az rest --method get --resource "$FABRIC_RESOURCE_SCOPE" \
  --url "$FABRIC_API_URL/workspaces/$workspaceId/items?type=Notebook" \
  --query "value[?displayName=='<UserItemName>'].id" --output tsv)
# If not found as Notebook, try SparkJobDefinition, then Lakehouse:
#   ?type=SparkJobDefinition  or  ?type=Lakehouse

# List recent Livy sessions (sorted newest first)
# Use the correct item-type path:
#   /notebooks/{itemId}/livySessions
#   /sparkJobDefinitions/{itemId}/livySessions
#   /lakehouses/{itemId}/livySessions
az rest --method get --resource "$FABRIC_RESOURCE_SCOPE" \
  --url "$FABRIC_API_URL/workspaces/$workspaceId/<itemTypePath>/$itemId/livySessions" \
  --output json

Item-type API paths:

Item Type	Livy Sessions Path	Job Instances Path	Job Types
Notebook	/notebooks/{id}/livySessions	/items/{id}/jobs/instances	PipelineRunNotebook, SparkSession
Spark Job Definition	/sparkJobDefinitions/{id}/livySessions	/items/{id}/jobs/instances	SparkJob
Lakehouse	/lakehouses/{id}/livySessions	/lakehouses/{id}/jobs/instances	TableLoad, TableMaintenance

Lakehouse note: Lakehouse Spark sessions are typically short-lived (table loads, maintenance). If livySessions returns empty, check jobs/instances for TableLoad/TableMaintenance job history. Lakehouse jobs do not have a Notebook Snapshot — use Spark Advisor and driver logs for diagnostics.

Present a session summary table to the user (most recent 10):

## Recent Sessions for <notebook name>

| # | Session ID | State | Submitted | Duration | App ID |
|---|------------|-------|-----------|----------|--------|
| 1 | abc-1234…  | Failed    | 2h ago  | 5m 23s  | app_…001 |
| 2 | def-5678…  | Succeeded | 4h ago  | 12m 10s | app_…002 |
| 3 | ghi-9012…  | Failed    | 1d ago  | 0s      | —        |

Session selection logic:

• Auto-pick if unambiguous — e.g., user said "why did it fail" and exactly 1 recent session has state == Failed → select it automatically and proceed
• Ask the user if ambiguous — multiple sessions match the user's intent (e.g., 2+ recent Failed sessions, or user said "diagnose" without specifying failed/slow) → present the table and ask which session to diagnose
• User provided session/app ID → skip the table entirely, use the ID directly

Extract livyId, sparkApplicationId, and state from the selected session.

Step 1b — Fallback: Session Not Found / Data Expired

If the user provided a Livy session ID but it is not found in any session listing (workspace-level or item-level) and Spark Monitoring APIs return 404:

Why this happens: Spark Monitoring API data (jobs, stages, executor logs, driver stderr) has limited retention after session completion — typically minutes to hours. Diagnose failures as soon as possible after they occur for the richest data.

1. Determine the notebook ID — ask the user if unknown:

I found no active data for session `<livyId>` via Spark Monitoring APIs (data retention expired).

To diagnose this session, I need the **notebook name or ID** it belongs to.
- If this was from a **pipeline run**, provide the pipeline name + run ID — `queryActivityRuns` may still have error details.
- If you know the **notebook name**, provide it and I'll construct a direct link to the Fabric UI snapshot.

2. Search pipeline runs (if user confirms pipeline origin or workspace has pipelines): Iterate pipelines → GET /items/$pipelineId/jobs/instances?limit=5 → for Failed runs, queryActivityRuns to find sessionId match. Returns output.result.error.{ename, evalue, traceback[]} — richest error data available.

3. Check Job Instance API — GET /items/$notebookId/jobs/instances?limit=5 for high-level failureReason (longer retention than Spark Monitoring APIs).

4. Construct Notebook Snapshot URL for manual cell-level inspection:

https://app.powerbi.com/workloads/de-ds/sparkmonitor/{notebookId}/{livyId}?trident=1&experience=power-bi&ctid={tenantId}&tab=related

The Fabric UI retains notebook snapshots much longer than Spark Monitoring APIs (shows failed cell, traceback, cell execution times, and source code).

5. Present report with all available data:

## Diagnostic Summary

**Session**: <livyId> | **Notebook**: <notebook name> | **State**: API data expired

### Error Details

[If queryActivityRuns returned data]:
**Exception**: <ename>: <evalue>
**Cell**: Cell In[<N>], line <M>
**Traceback**: <traceback lines>

[If only Job Instance data]:
**Failure Reason**: <failureReason from Job Instance API>

### Notebook Snapshot (cell-level details)
**Open Notebook Snapshot in Fabric UI**: `<constructed URL>`
↑ Click to view the exact failed cell, error output, and source code in the Fabric UI.

### Suggested Next Steps
1. Open the Notebook Snapshot link above to identify the exact failed cell and error
2. Fix the identified issue and re-run the notebook
3. For future failures, diagnose within 1 hour for full Spark Monitoring API data
4. For recurring failures, set up [proactive event log copy](references/jobinsight-api.md) to OneLake

Key principle: Exhaust all public APIs (queryActivityRuns → Job Instance → Spark Monitoring) before falling back to the manual Notebook Snapshot URL. Always present the snapshot link — it has the longest retention.

Data retention summary (public APIs):

API	Approximate retention	Error detail level
Spark Monitoring (Advisor, logs, jobs, stages)	Minutes–hours	Full (stack traces, metrics)
queryActivityRuns (pipeline path)	~1 hour	Full (ename, evalue, traceback, cell/line)
Job Instance failureReason	Days	High-level summary only
Notebook Snapshot URL (Fabric UI)	Days–weeks	Full cell-level (manual)

Step 2 — Auto-Route by Session State

State	Automatic actions
Failed	Run Step 3 (failure) + Step 4 (performance) + Step 5 (resource)
Succeeded	Run Step 4 (performance) + Step 5 (resource)
InProgress	Run Step 4 (performance — partial snapshot) + Step 5 (resource)
Cancelled	Check Livy log for cancellation reason, then Step 3
idle / busy / starting	Run Step 6 (session health)
dead / killed / error	Run Step 3 (failure) + Step 6 (session health)

Step 3 — Failure Analysis (automatic)

Error API priority — query in this order, stop when root cause is clear:

1. Spark Advisor (/advice) — automated root-cause with fix recommendations
2. Driver stderr (/logs?type=driver&fileName=stderr&isDownload=true) — raw exception stack traces
3. Job Instance (/jobs/instances/{id}) — high-level failureReason
4. Executor logs (/logs?type=executor&meta=true) — per-executor OOM / ExecutorLostFailure
5. Livy log (/logs?type=livy) — startup errors, library packaging failures
6. Resource Usage (/resourceUsage) — capacityExceeded, task limit exhaustion
7. Notebook Snapshot URL (manual) — all APIs expired, see Step 1b

For pipeline runs, queryActivityRuns (Step P2 in pipeline-diagnosis.md) is the richest single source — returns output.result.error.{ename, evalue, traceback[]} with cell/line numbers.

All API paths follow the pattern: $FABRIC_API_URL/workspaces/$workspaceId/<itemTypePath>/$itemId/livySessions/$livyId/applications/$appId/<endpoint> — see SPARK-MONITORING-CORE.md for full specs.

Auto-classify errors by matching log content against the Quick Reference Table.

Step 4 — Performance Analysis (automatic)

Query /stages and /allexecutors endpoints (see SPARK-MONITORING-CORE.md § Open-Source Spark History Server APIs).

Auto-flag using Detection Thresholds: data skew (max/median task duration > 3×), disk spill (diskBytesSpilled > 0), GC pressure (jvmGcTime/executorRunTime > 20%), heavy shuffle (shuffleWriteBytes > 1 GB), small partitions (high task count, < 100ms each).

Step 5 — Resource Utilization (automatic)

Query /resourceUsage endpoint (see SPARK-MONITORING-CORE.md § Resource Usage API). Extract coreEfficiency, idleTime, duration.

Auto-flag: coreEfficiency < 0.3 → HIGH (underutilized); idleTime / duration > 0.4 → MEDIUM (high idle).

Step 6 — Session Health (automatic)

List all sessions via GET /workspaces/$workspaceId/spark/livySessions. Auto-flag: idle with no recent statements → zombie; starting beyond expected duration → capacity issue; many concurrent sessions → capacity pressure.

Step 7 — Compile & Present Report

After running the applicable steps, present a structured report:

## Diagnostic Summary

**Application**: <notebook name> | **Session**: <livyId> | **State**: <state>

### Findings (ordered by severity)

| # | Severity | Category | Finding | Recommended Fix |
|---|----------|----------|---------|-----------------|
| 1 | HIGH     | Failure  | Driver OOM from collect() on line 45 | Replace with df.write.parquet() |
| 2 | HIGH     | Perf     | Data skew in stage 12 (8.2× ratio) | Enable AQE skew join |
| 3 | MEDIUM   | Perf     | Disk spill in stage 8 (2.1 GB) | Increase shuffle partitions |
| 4 | MEDIUM   | Resource | Core efficiency 22% | Reduce executor count |

### Links
- **Notebook Snapshot**: `https://app.powerbi.com/workloads/de-ds/sparkmonitor/{notebookId}/{livyId}?trident=1&experience=power-bi&ctid={tenantId}&tab=related`
- **Spark Monitor**: `https://app.powerbi.com/workloads/de-ds/sparkmonitor/{notebookId}/{livyId}?trident=1&experience=power-bi&ctid={tenantId}`

### Suggested Next Steps
1. [Most impactful fix first]
2. [Second fix]
3. [Optional: escalate to Tier 2 if needed]

Notebook Snapshot URL: Use the URL pattern from Step 1b. Use app.powerbi.com for production, msit.powerbi.com for MSIT.

Tier 2 escalation: If any step returns truncated data, HTTP 408/504, or the user asks for DAG/SQL plan visualization, suggest the offline workflow.