SOQL Syntax Reference

Salesforce Object Query Language (SOQL) for querying Salesforce data.

Basic Query Structure

SELECT field1, field2, ...
FROM ObjectName
[WHERE conditions]
[ORDER BY field [ASC|DESC] [NULLS FIRST|LAST]]
[LIMIT n]
[OFFSET n]

Clauses

SELECT

-- Specific fields
SELECT Id, Name, CreatedDate FROM Account

-- Parent fields (dot notation)
SELECT Id, Name, Account.Name FROM Contact

-- Child records (subquery)
SELECT Id, Name, (SELECT Id, Name FROM Contacts) FROM Account

-- Aggregate functions
SELECT COUNT(Id), SUM(Amount), AVG(Amount) FROM Opportunity GROUP BY StageName

WHERE

See clauses.md for complete WHERE clause reference.

-- Comparison
WHERE Amount > 10000
WHERE Name = 'Acme'
WHERE CloseDate < 2024-01-01

-- Null checks (use <> not != for CLI compatibility)
WHERE AccountId <> null
WHERE AccountId = null

-- LIKE (wildcards: % = any chars, _ = single char)
WHERE Name LIKE 'Acme%'
WHERE Email LIKE '%@gmail.com'

-- IN list
WHERE Status IN ('New', 'Working', 'Qualified')
WHERE Id IN ('001xxx', '001yyy')

-- AND/OR/NOT
WHERE Amount > 1000 AND StageName = 'Closed Won'
WHERE (Status = 'New' OR Status = 'Working')
WHERE NOT Status = 'Closed'

ORDER BY

ORDER BY Name                    -- Ascending (default)
ORDER BY Amount DESC             -- Descending
ORDER BY CloseDate DESC NULLS LAST
ORDER BY Account.Name, Name      -- Multiple fields

LIMIT and OFFSET

LIMIT 100                        -- Return max 100 records
LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20               -- Skip 20, return 10 (pagination)

Functions

See functions.md for complete function reference.

Aggregate Functions

SELECT COUNT(Id) FROM Account
SELECT SUM(Amount), AVG(Amount), MIN(Amount), MAX(Amount) FROM Opportunity
SELECT COUNT(Id), StageName FROM Opportunity GROUP BY StageName
SELECT StageName, COUNT(Id) FROM Opportunity GROUP BY StageName HAVING COUNT(Id) > 5

Date Functions

WHERE CreatedDate = TODAY
WHERE CloseDate = THIS_MONTH
WHERE CreatedDate = LAST_N_DAYS:30
WHERE CloseDate > NEXT_N_DAYS:7
WHERE CreatedDate >= 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Important Limitations

1. Long Text Fields Cannot Be Filtered: Description, Body, and custom long text areas cannot use LIKE or = in WHERE
2. No DISTINCT: Use GROUP BY instead
3. No JOIN: Use relationship queries instead
4. Subquery Depth: Max 1 level of nested subqueries
5. Relationship Traversal: Max 5 levels up, 1 level down
6. Result Limit: 50,000 records max (use bulk export for more)

Common Gotchas

See gotchas.md for detailed troubleshooting.