Tailwind CSS Transforms & Animations v4.1

Complete reference for Transform, Transition, and Animation utilities in Tailwind CSS v4.1.

Transform Utilities

Scale

Transform an element by scaling (resizing) it.

<!-- Scale in X, Y, or both -->
<div class="scale-50">50%</div>
<div class="scale-100">100%</div>
<div class="scale-125">125%</div>
<div class="scale-150">150%</div>
<div class="scale-x-50">Scale X only</div>
<div class="scale-y-75">Scale Y only</div>

Responsive: sm:scale-125, md:scale-150, lg:scale-100 States: hover:scale-110, focus:scale-105, group-hover:scale-125

Rotate

Rotate an element by an angle.

<!-- Rotate by degrees -->
<div class="rotate-0">0°</div>
<div class="rotate-45">45°</div>
<div class="rotate-90">90°</div>
<div class="rotate-180">180°</div>
<div class="-rotate-45">-45°</div>

Responsive: sm:rotate-90, md:rotate-180, lg:rotate-0 States: hover:rotate-45, focus:rotate-90

Translate

Move an element along X and Y axes.

<!-- Translate X and Y -->
<div class="translate-x-0">No translation</div>
<div class="translate-x-2">X direction</div>
<div class="translate-y-4">Y direction</div>
<div class="translate-x-6 translate-y-8">Both axes</div>
<div class="-translate-x-2">Negative X</div>
<div class="-translate-y-4">Negative Y</div>

Responsive: sm:translate-x-4, md:translate-y-8 States: hover:translate-y-2, focus:translate-x-1

Skew

Skew an element along X and Y axes.

<!-- Skew transform -->
<div class="skew-x-3">Skew X</div>
<div class="skew-y-6">Skew Y</div>
<div class="skew-x-3 skew-y-6">Both skew</div>
<div class="-skew-x-3">Negative skew</div>

Responsive: sm:skew-x-6, md:skew-y-3 States: hover:skew-x-2, group-hover:skew-y-4

Transform Origin

Set the origin point for transform operations.

<!-- Origin positioning -->
<div class="origin-center">Default center</div>
<div class="origin-top">Top</div>
<div class="origin-bottom">Bottom</div>
<div class="origin-left">Left</div>
<div class="origin-right">Right</div>
<div class="origin-top-left">Top-left</div>
<div class="origin-top-right">Top-right</div>
<div class="origin-bottom-left">Bottom-left</div>
<div class="origin-bottom-right">Bottom-right</div>

Responsive: sm:origin-top, md:origin-bottom-right States: hover:origin-left, focus:origin-center

Transition Utilities

Transition Property

Enable transitions on specific properties.

<!-- Transition targets -->
<div class="transition">All properties</div>
<div class="transition-none">No transitions</div>
<div class="transition-all">All properties</div>
<div class="transition-colors">Color changes</div>
<div class="transition-opacity">Opacity changes</div>
<div class="transition-transform">Transform changes</div>
<div class="transition-shadow">Shadow changes</div>

Responsive: sm:transition-colors, md:transition-transform States: hover:transition-all, focus:transition-opacity

Duration

Set the duration of a transition or animation.

<!-- Duration in milliseconds -->
<div class="duration-75">75ms</div>
<div class="duration-100">100ms</div>
<div class="duration-150">150ms</div>
<div class="duration-200">200ms</div>
<div class="duration-300">300ms</div>
<div class="duration-500">500ms</div>
<div class="duration-700">700ms</div>
<div class="duration-1000">1000ms</div>

Responsive: sm:duration-200, md:duration-500 Common: hover:duration-300, focus:duration-200

Timing Function (Easing)

Control the acceleration curve of a transition or animation.

<!-- Easing functions -->
<div class="ease-linear">Linear</div>
<div class="ease-in">Ease in (slow start)</div>
<div class="ease-out">Ease out (slow end)</div>
<div class="ease-in-out">Ease in-out</div>

Responsive: sm:ease-in, md:ease-out States: hover:ease-linear, focus:ease-in-out

Delay

Add a delay before a transition or animation starts.

<!-- Transition delay in milliseconds -->
<div class="delay-0">0ms</div>
<div class="delay-75">75ms</div>
<div class="delay-100">100ms</div>
<div class="delay-150">150ms</div>
<div class="delay-200">200ms</div>
<div class="delay-300">300ms</div>
<div class="delay-500">500ms</div>
<div class="delay-700">700ms</div>
<div class="delay-1000">1000ms</div>

Responsive: sm:delay-150, md:delay-300 Staggering: Sequential delays for animations

Animation Utilities

Animate

Apply built-in animations or custom @keyframes.

<!-- Built-in animations -->
<div class="animate-none">No animation</div>
<div class="animate-spin">Rotating spinner</div>
<div class="animate-ping">Pulsing beacon</div>
<div class="animate-pulse">Fading pulse</div>
<div class="animate-bounce">Bouncing motion</div>
<div class="animate-wiggle">Wiggle motion</div>
<div class="animate-wave">Wave motion</div>

Responsive: sm:animate-spin, md:animate-bounce Responsive Disable: lg:animate-none

Custom Keyframes

Define custom animations with @keyframes.

/* In your CSS or Tailwind config */
@keyframes fadeIn {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@keyframes slideInUp {
  from {
    transform: translateY(20px);
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@keyframes slideInDown {
  from {
    transform: translateY(-20px);
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@keyframes slideInLeft {
  from {
    transform: translateX(-20px);
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    transform: translateX(0);
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@keyframes slideInRight {
  from {
    transform: translateX(20px);
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    transform: translateX(0);
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

@keyframes scaleIn {
  from {
    transform: scale(0.9);
    opacity: 0;
  }
  to {
    transform: scale(1);
    opacity: 1;
  }
}

Combining Transforms, Transitions & Animations

Example 1: Hover Scale with Transition

<button class="scale-100 hover:scale-110 transition duration-200 ease-out">
  Hover me
</button>

Example 2: Spinning Loader with Animation

<div class="animate-spin">
  <svg class="w-8 h-8"><!-- SVG content --></svg>
</div>

Example 3: Staggered Animation with Delay

<div class="space-y-2">
  <div class="animate-pulse delay-0">Item 1</div>
  <div class="animate-pulse delay-150">Item 2</div>
  <div class="animate-pulse delay-300">Item 3</div>
</div>

Example 4: Complex Transform Combination

<div class="rotate-45 scale-110 translate-x-2 translate-y-4 transition-transform duration-500 ease-in-out">
  Complex transform
</div>

Example 5: Origin-based Scaling

<div class="origin-bottom scale-100 hover:scale-150 transition-transform duration-300">
  Scale from bottom
</div>

Best Practices

1. Use Duration with Transition: Always pair transition-* with duration-*
2. Add Easing for Smoothness: Use ease-out or ease-in-out for natural motion
3. Mobile First: Apply base transforms, use responsive variants for larger screens
4. Performance: Use transform and opacity for best performance
5. Accessibility: Respect prefers-reduced-motion for animations
6. Combine Operators: Use state variants like hover:, focus:, group-hover:

Performance Tips

• Use transform instead of left/top for positioning
• Use opacity instead of visibility for fade effects
• Prefer scale over width/height changes
• Apply animations only when necessary
• Use animation-delay for staggered effects
• Consider will-change for heavy animations

Accessibility Considerations

/* Respect user preferences */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  * {
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }
}

Resources

• Tailwind CSS Transforms Docs
• Tailwind CSS Transitions Docs
• Tailwind CSS Animation Docs
• MDN CSS Transforms
• MDN CSS Animations