haskell-effectful

Effectful Conventions

Dispatch Choice

• Default: Static (Effectful.Reader.Static, Effectful.State.Static.Local)
• Only use Dynamic when MonadReader/MonadState instances are needed

Effect Stack Order

Always consistent: Reader -> State -> Error -> IOE

runApp :: Config -> AppState -> App a -> IO (Either (CallStack, AppError) (a, AppState))
runApp cfg st = runEff . runError . runStateLocal st . runReader cfg

Custom Effects

Definition

• Default: Use makeEffect from Effectful.TH to auto-generate smart constructors and DispatchOf instances
• Manual definition required when GADTs have effect constraints (e.g., Error e :> es) or custom naming

Handlers

• First-order (no m parameter): use interpret_
• Higher-order (uses m parameter): use interpret + localSeqUnlift

Error Handling

• Put Error constraints on GADT constructors, not on handler signatures -- caller decides error scope
• Error.Static lacks MonadError -- define local liftEither helper
• Use runErrorNoCallStack or runErrorWith at boundaries
• Derive Exception on error newtypes for IO interop
• Use adapt helper pattern: liftIO + C.catch + localSeqUnlift for IO error conversion
• Pure handlers: reinterpret + evalState with Map for testable filesystem-like effects

-- CORRECT: Error constraint on GADT constructor
data FileSystem :: Effect where
  ReadFile  :: Error FsReadError :> es => FilePath -> FileSystem (Eff es) String
  WriteFile :: Error FsWriteError :> es => FilePath -> String -> FileSystem (Eff es) ()

-- WRONG: Error constraint on handler
runFileSystemIO :: (IOE :> es, Error FsReadError :> es) => ...

Concurrency

ALWAYS use Effectful.Concurrent.*, NEVER Control.Concurrent.* with liftIO.

Anti-patterns

• Adding Error constraint to interpreter instead of effect definition
• Returning raw Either when errors should propagate via effect
• Mixing Error.Static and Error.Dynamic
• Over-constraining effect signatures
• Using Control.Concurrent.* with liftIO instead of Effectful.Concurrent.*
• Using makeEffect on GADTs with effect constraints (manual definition required)

Reference

For detailed code examples (dependency injection, testing, MTL migration, concurrency):

• references/effectful-examples.md