idempotency-handling

Idempotency Handling

Table of Contents

• Overview
• When to Use
• Quick Start
• Reference Guides
• Best Practices

Overview

Implement idempotency to ensure operations produce the same result regardless of how many times they're executed.

When to Use

• Payment processing
• API endpoints with retries
• Webhooks and callbacks
• Message queue consumers
• Distributed transactions
• Bank transfers
• Order creation
• Email sending
• Resource creation

Quick Start

Minimal working example:

import express from "express";
import Redis from "ioredis";
import crypto from "crypto";

interface IdempotentRequest {
  key: string;
  status: "processing" | "completed" | "failed";
  response?: any;
  error?: string;
  createdAt: number;
  completedAt?: number;
}

class IdempotencyService {
  private redis: Redis;
  private ttl = 86400; // 24 hours

  constructor(redisUrl: string) {
    this.redis = new Redis(redisUrl);
  }

  async getRequest(key: string): Promise<IdempotentRequest | null> {
    const data = await this.redis.get(`idempotency:${key}`);
    return data ? JSON.parse(data) : null;
  }
// ... (see reference guides for full implementation)

Reference Guides

Detailed implementations in the references/ directory:

Guide	Contents
Express Idempotency Middleware	Express Idempotency Middleware
Database-Based Idempotency	Database-Based Idempotency
Stripe-Style Idempotency	Stripe-Style Idempotency
Message Queue Idempotency	Message Queue Idempotency

Best Practices

✅ DO

• Require idempotency keys for mutations
• Store request and response together
• Set appropriate TTL for idempotency records
• Validate request body matches stored request
• Handle concurrent requests gracefully
• Return same response for duplicate requests
• Clean up old idempotency records
• Use database constraints for atomicity

❌ DON'T

• Apply idempotency to GET requests
• Store idempotency data forever
• Skip validation of request body
• Use non-unique idempotency keys
• Process same request concurrently
• Change response for duplicate requests