PostgreSQL 数据库模式,用于查询优化、架构设计、索引和安全。基于 Supabase 最佳实践。
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PostgreSQL 最佳实践的快速参考。有关详细指导,使用 `database-reviewer` agent。
Provides PostgreSQL best practices for indexes, data types, RLS policies, UPSERT, cursor pagination, queue processing, anti-pattern detection, and config templates. Activates for SQL queries, schema design, slow query debugging, and connection pooling.
Provides PostgreSQL patterns for query optimization, schema design, indexing, security, RLS, UPSERT, pagination, and anti-pattern detection based on Supabase practices. Useful for SQL queries, migrations, slow query troubleshooting, and connection pooling.
Delivers PostgreSQL patterns for indexing, schema design, query optimization, Row Level Security, UPSERT, pagination, and anti-pattern detection. Includes SQL examples and cheat sheets.
Share bugs, ideas, or general feedback.
PostgreSQL 最佳实践的快速参考。有关详细指导,使用 database-reviewer agent。
| Query Pattern | Index Type | Example |
|---|---|---|
WHERE col = value | B-tree (default) | CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col) |
WHERE col > value | B-tree | CREATE INDEX idx ON t (col) |
WHERE a = x AND b > y | Composite | CREATE INDEX idx ON t (a, b) |
WHERE jsonb @> '{}' | GIN | CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col) |
WHERE tsv @@ query | GIN | CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING gin (col) |
| Time-series ranges | BRIN | CREATE INDEX idx ON t USING brin (col) |
| Use Case | Correct Type | Avoid |
|---|---|---|
| IDs | bigint | int, random UUID |
| Strings | text | varchar(255) |
| Timestamps | timestamptz | timestamp |
| Money | numeric(10,2) | float |
| Flags | boolean | varchar, int |
组合索引顺序:
--Equality columns first, then range columns
CREATE INDEX idx ON orders (status, created_at);
-- Works for: WHERE status = 'pending' AND created_at > '2024-01-01'
覆盖索引:
CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) INCLUDE (name, created_at);
-- Avoids table lookup for SELECT email, name, created_at
部分索引:
CREATE INDEX idx ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL;
-- Smaller index, only includes active users
RLS 策略 (优化的):
CREATE POLICY policy ON orders
USING ((SELECT auth.uid()) = user_id); -- Wrap in SELECT!
UPSERT:
INSERT INTO settings (user_id, key, value)
VALUES (123, 'theme', 'dark')
ON CONFLICT (user_id, key)
DO UPDATE SET value = EXCLUDED.value;
游标分页:
SELECT * FROM products WHERE id > $last_id ORDER BY id LIMIT 20;
-- O(1) vs OFFSET which is O(n)
队列处理:
UPDATE jobs SET status = 'processing'
WHERE id = (
SELECT id FROM jobs WHERE status = 'pending'
ORDER BY created_at LIMIT 1
FOR UPDATE SKIP LOCKED
) RETURNING *;
-- Find unindexed foreign keys
SELECT conrelid::regclass, a.attname
FROM pg_constraint c
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(c.conkey)
WHERE c.contype = 'f'
AND NOT EXISTS (
SELECT 1 FROM pg_index i
WHERE i.indrelid = c.conrelid AND a.attnum = ANY(i.indkey)
);
-- Find slow queries
SELECT query, mean_exec_time, calls
FROM pg_stat_statements
WHERE mean_exec_time > 100
ORDER BY mean_exec_time DESC;
-- Check table bloat
SELECT relname, n_dead_tup, last_vacuum
FROM pg_stat_user_tables
WHERE n_dead_tup > 1000
ORDER BY n_dead_tup DESC;
-- Connection limits (adjust for RAM)
ALTER SYSTEM SET max_connections = 100;
ALTER SYSTEM SET work_mem = '8MB';
-- Timeouts
ALTER SYSTEM SET idle_in_transaction_session_timeout = '30s';
ALTER SYSTEM SET statement_timeout = '30s';
-- Monitoring
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS pg_stat_statements;
-- Security defaults
REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM public;
SELECT pg_reload_conf();
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