Use when building web services. Keywords: web server, HTTP, REST API, GraphQL, WebSocket, axum, actix, warp, rocket, tower, hyper, reqwest, middleware, router, handler, extractor, state management, authentication, authorization, JWT, session, cookie, CORS, rate limiting, web 开发, HTTP 服务, API 设计, 中间件, 路由
Builds async web services with axum, actix-web, and tower middleware for HTTP APIs.
/plugin marketplace add ZhangHanDong/rust-skills/plugin install zhanghandong-rust-skills@ZhangHanDong/rust-skillsThis skill inherits all available tools. When active, it can use any tool Claude has access to.
Layer 3: Domain Constraints
| Domain Rule | Design Constraint | Rust Implication |
|---|---|---|
| Stateless HTTP | No request-local globals | State in extractors |
| Concurrency | Handle many connections | Async, Send + Sync |
| Latency SLA | Fast response | Efficient ownership |
| Security | Input validation | Type-safe extractors |
| Observability | Request tracing | tracing + tower layers |
RULE: Web handlers must not block
WHY: Block one task = block many requests
RUST: async/await, spawn_blocking for CPU work
RULE: Shared state must be thread-safe
WHY: Handlers run on any thread
RUST: Arc<T>, Arc<RwLock<T>> for mutable
RULE: Resources live only for request duration
WHY: Memory management, no leaks
RUST: Extractors, proper ownership
From constraints to design (Layer 2):
"Need shared application state"
↓ m07-concurrency: Use Arc for thread-safe sharing
↓ m02-resource: Arc<RwLock<T>> for mutable state
"Need request validation"
↓ m05-type-driven: Validated extractors
↓ m06-error-handling: IntoResponse for errors
"Need middleware stack"
↓ m12-lifecycle: Tower layers
↓ m04-zero-cost: Trait-based composition
| Framework | Style | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| axum | Functional, tower | Modern APIs |
| actix-web | Actor-based | High performance |
| warp | Filter composition | Composable APIs |
| rocket | Macro-driven | Rapid development |
| Purpose | Crate |
|---|---|
| HTTP server | axum, actix-web |
| HTTP client | reqwest |
| JSON | serde_json |
| Auth/JWT | jsonwebtoken |
| Session | tower-sessions |
| Database | sqlx, diesel |
| Middleware | tower |
| Pattern | Purpose | Implementation |
|---|---|---|
| Extractors | Request parsing | State(db), Json(payload) |
| Error response | Unified errors | impl IntoResponse |
| Middleware | Cross-cutting | Tower layers |
| Shared state | App config | Arc<AppState> |
async fn handler(
State(db): State<Arc<DbPool>>,
Json(payload): Json<CreateUser>,
) -> Result<Json<User>, AppError> {
let user = db.create_user(&payload).await?;
Ok(Json(user))
}
// Error handling
impl IntoResponse for AppError {
fn into_response(self) -> Response {
let (status, message) = match self {
Self::NotFound => (StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, "Not found"),
Self::Internal(_) => (StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Internal error"),
};
(status, Json(json!({"error": message}))).into_response()
}
}
| Mistake | Domain Violation | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Blocking in handler | Latency spike | spawn_blocking |
| Rc in state | Not Send + Sync | Use Arc |
| No validation | Security risk | Type-safe extractors |
| No error response | Bad UX | IntoResponse impl |
| Constraint | Layer 2 Pattern | Layer 1 Implementation |
|---|---|---|
| Async handlers | Async/await | tokio runtime |
| Thread-safe state | Shared state | Arc<T>, Arc<RwLock<T>> |
| Request lifecycle | Extractors | Ownership via From<Request> |
| Middleware | Tower layers | Trait-based composition |
| When | See |
|---|---|
| Async patterns | m07-concurrency |
| State management | m02-resource |
| Error handling | m06-error-handling |
| Middleware design | m12-lifecycle |
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