android-testing

Skill: Android Testing

Overview

This skill manages Android testing including:

• Unit tests with JUnit and MockK
• Instrumentation tests with Espresso
• Compose UI testing
• Coverage reporting
• Test optimization

Purpose

Ensure Android code quality through comprehensive testing. Use this skill:

• During development for TDD
• Before code review
• In CI/CD pipelines
• For coverage analysis

Execution Flow

1. IDENTIFY test scope
2. RUN unit tests
3. RUN instrumentation tests (if emulator available)
4. GENERATE coverage report
5. ANALYZE results
6. REPORT findings

Input Parameters

Parameter	Type	Description	Required
type	string	Unit, instrumentation, or all	No (default: all)
module	string	Specific module to test	No
coverage	boolean	Generate coverage report	No (default: true)
flavor	string	Build flavor to test	No

Test Commands

Unit Tests

# Run all unit tests
./gradlew test

# Run specific module
./gradlew :feature:auth:test

# Run with coverage
./gradlew testDebugUnitTestCoverage

# Run specific test class
./gradlew test --tests "com.example.app.LoginViewModelTest"

Instrumentation Tests

# Run all instrumentation tests
./gradlew connectedAndroidTest

# Run specific test
./gradlew connectedAndroidTest -Pandroid.testInstrumentationRunnerArguments.class=com.example.app.LoginScreenTest

Compose UI Tests

# Run Compose tests
./gradlew :app:connectedAndroidTest -Pandroid.testInstrumentationRunnerArguments.class=com.example.app.ui.LoginScreenTest

Test Structure

app/src/
├── test/                          # Unit tests
│   └── java/com/example/app/
│       ├── viewmodel/
│       │   └── LoginViewModelTest.kt
│       ├── usecase/
│       │   └── LoginUseCaseTest.kt
│       └── repository/
│           └── UserRepositoryTest.kt
│
└── androidTest/                   # Instrumentation tests
    └── java/com/example/app/
        ├── ui/
        │   └── LoginScreenTest.kt
        └── database/
            └── UserDaoTest.kt

Unit Test Examples

ViewModel Test

@OptIn(ExperimentalCoroutinesApi::class)
class LoginViewModelTest {
    @get:Rule
    val dispatcherRule = StandardTestDispatcher()

    private lateinit var loginUseCase: LoginUseCase
    private lateinit var viewModel: LoginViewModel

    @Before
    fun setup() {
        loginUseCase = mockk()
        viewModel = LoginViewModel(loginUseCase)
    }

    @Test
    fun `initial state is correct`() = runTest {
        // Given
        val expectedState = LoginUiState()

        // When
        val state = viewModel.uiState.value

        // Then
        assertEquals(expectedState, state)
    }

    @Test
    fun `onLoginClick success updates state`() = runTest {
        // Given
        val user = User(id = "1", email = "test@example.com")
        coEvery { loginUseCase(any(), any()) } returns Result.success(user)

        viewModel.onEmailChange("test@example.com")
        viewModel.onPasswordChange("password123")

        // When
        viewModel.onLoginClick()
        advanceUntilIdle()

        // Then
        assertTrue(viewModel.uiState.value.isSuccess)
        coVerify { loginUseCase("test@example.com", "password123") }
    }
}

Use Case Test

class LoginUseCaseTest {
    private lateinit var repository: UserRepository
    private lateinit var useCase: LoginUseCase

    @Before
    fun setup() {
        repository = mockk()
        useCase = LoginUseCase(repository)
    }

    @Test
    fun `invoke returns user on success`() = runTest {
        // Given
        val user = User(id = "1", email = "test@example.com")
        coEvery { repository.login(any(), any()) } returns Result.success(user)

        // When
        val result = useCase("test@example.com", "password")

        // Then
        assertTrue(result.isSuccess)
        assertEquals(user, result.getOrNull())
    }

    @Test
    fun `invoke returns error on failure`() = runTest {
        // Given
        val error = Exception("Invalid credentials")
        coEvery { repository.login(any(), any()) } returns Result.failure(error)

        // When
        val result = useCase("test@example.com", "wrong")

        // Then
        assertTrue(result.isFailure)
        assertEquals("Invalid credentials", result.exceptionOrNull()?.message)
    }
}

Compose UI Test Examples

@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
class LoginScreenTest {

    @get:Rule
    val composeTestRule = createComposeRule()

    @Test
    fun loginScreen_displaysEmailField() {
        // Given
        composeTestRule.setContent {
            LoginScreen(onNavigateToHome = {})
        }

        // Then
        composeTestRule
            .onNodeWithText("Email")
            .assertIsDisplayed()
    }

    @Test
    fun loginScreen_showsError_onInvalidEmail() {
        // Given
        composeTestRule.setContent {
            LoginScreen(onNavigateToHome = {})
        }

        // When
        composeTestRule
            .onNodeWithText("Email")
            .performTextInput("invalid-email")
        composeTestRule
            .onNodeWithText("Login")
            .performClick()

        // Then
        composeTestRule
            .onNodeWithText("Invalid email format")
            .assertIsDisplayed()
    }

    @Test
    fun loginScreen_navigates_onSuccess() {
        // Given
        var navigated = false
        composeTestRule.setContent {
            LoginScreen(
                viewModel = LoginViewModel(FakeLoginUseCase()),
                onNavigateToHome = { navigated = true }
            )
        }

        // When
        composeTestRule
            .onNodeWithText("Email")
            .performTextInput("test@example.com")
        composeTestRule
            .onNodeWithText("Password")
            .performTextInput("password123")
        composeTestRule
            .onNodeWithText("Login")
            .performClick()
        composeTestRule.waitForIdle()

        // Then
        assertTrue(navigated)
    }
}

Coverage Configuration

// app/build.gradle.kts
android {
    buildTypes {
        debug {
            enableUnitTestCoverage = true
            enableAndroidTestCoverage = true
        }
    }
}

tasks.withType<Test> {
    finalizedBy(tasks.named("jacocoTestReport"))
}

Output Format

# Android Test Report

**Date:** [timestamp]
**Duration:** 45 seconds

## Test Summary

| Type | Total | Passed | Failed | Skipped |
|------|-------|--------|--------|---------|
| Unit | 48 | 47 | 1 | 0 |
| Instrumentation | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| **Total** | **60** | **59** | **1** | **0** |

## Coverage Report

| Module | Line Coverage | Branch Coverage |
|--------|---------------|-----------------|
| :app | 82% | 75% |
| :feature:auth | 88% | 80% |
| :core:domain | 92% | 88% |
| **Average** | **85%** | **79%** |

## Failed Tests

### LoginViewModelTest.onLoginClick_showsError_onNetworkFailure

**Error:**

java.lang.AssertionError: Expected error message to be "Network error" but was "Unknown error"

**Location:** LoginViewModelTest.kt:89

**Fix:**
```kotlin
// Update error handling in repository
override suspend fun login(email: String, password: String): Result<User> {
    return try {
        // ...
    } catch (e: IOException) {
        Result.failure(Exception("Network error"))
    }
}

## Example Usage

### Example 1: Run All Tests

USER: /android-test

SKILL OUTPUT:

Android Test Report

Date: 2026-02-17 Duration: 1m 23s

Test Summary

✅ 59/60 tests passed (98%)

Type	Total	Passed	Failed
Unit	48	47	1
Instrumentation	12	12	0

Coverage: 85%

Module	Coverage
:app	82%
:feature:auth	88%
:core:domain	92%

1 Failed Test

LoginViewModelTest.onLoginClick_showsError_onNetworkFailure

• Expected: "Network error"
• Actual: "Unknown error"

### Example 2: Run Specific Module

USER: /android-test auth module

SKILL INPUT: { "module": "feature:auth", "type": "unit" }

SKILL OUTPUT:

Test Report: feature:auth

Date: 2026-02-17 Duration: 12 seconds

Unit Tests

✅ 15/15 tests passed

Class	Tests	Status
LoginViewModelTest	8	✅ Pass
RegisterViewModelTest	5	✅ Pass
AuthUseCaseTest	2	✅ Pass

Coverage: 88%

## Best Practices

1. **Use Test Dispatchers** for coroutines
2. **Mock external dependencies** (network, database)
3. **Test edge cases** (empty input, errors)
4. **Keep tests isolated** (no shared state)
5. **Use meaningful test names** (describe behavior)

## Integration

This skill integrates with:
- `android-build`: Test before build
- `coverage-analysis`: Detailed coverage reports
- CI/CD pipelines for automated testing