scoping

Game Scoping & MLP Planning

Scope game ideas into buildable plans. Get to playable fast, iterate from there.

Quick Reference

MLP vs MVP

	MVP (Software)	MLP (Games)
Goal	Validate market fit	Validate fun
Success metric	Users complete task	Players choose to keep playing
Core question	"Does it work?"	"Is it fun?"
Minimum bar	Functional	Enjoyable
What to cut	Non-essential features	Anything not serving the core loop

Key insight: An MVP that works but isn't fun is a failed game. An MLP that's fun but limited is a successful foundation.

Core Loop Identification

The core loop is what the player does every 30-60 seconds. Everything else is secondary.

One-sentence test: "The player [VERB]s [OBJECT] to [REWARD], which lets them [REINVEST]."

Genre	Example Core Loop
Platformer	Jump through obstacles → reach checkpoint → unlock new area
Roguelike	Enter room → fight enemies → collect upgrades → go deeper
Puzzle	Observe pattern → manipulate pieces → solve → get harder puzzle
Tower Defense	Analyze wave → place towers → survive → earn currency → upgrade
Farming Sim	Plant crops → tend/wait → harvest → sell → buy better seeds
Card Game	Draw cards → play combinations → resolve effects → draw again

Core Loop Validation Checklist

• Can be stated in one sentence
• Involves player agency (not watching)
• Has a clear reinvestment path (reward feeds back into action)
• Is inherently repeatable without getting stale in first 10 minutes
• Can be prototyped with programmer art
• Is fun with zero content (no levels, no story, no progression)

MLP Scoping Process

The 3-Feature Rule

Your MLP gets three features beyond the core loop. Choose wisely.

Process:

1. Define the core loop (non-negotiable, not counted as a feature)
2. List every feature you want
3. For each feature, ask: "Does this make the core loop more fun?"
4. Rank by impact on core loop fun
5. Take the top 3

Why 3? More than 3 features for an MLP means you're building content, not validating fun. If your core loop needs more than 3 supporting features to be fun, your core loop is too weak.

Feature Impact Assessment

Impact Level	Description	Example (Roguelike)
Core	Loop doesn't work without it	Combat system
Amplifier	Makes core loop significantly more fun	Upgrade selection between rooms
Enhancer	Adds variety/polish	Different enemy types
Content	More of the same	Additional levels
Cosmetic	Visual/audio polish	Particle effects

MLP includes: Core + up to 3 Amplifiers. Everything else waits.

Post-MLP Iteration Phases

Phase	Focus	Duration Target
MLP	Core loop + 3 features	Build as fast as possible
Fun Polish	Juice, game feel, feedback	Until core loop feels good
Content Alpha	Variety (enemies, levels, items)	Until 15-30 min play session
Systems	Progression, meta-game, saves	Until players want to return
Content Beta	Full content pipeline	Until target play length
Polish	UI, audio, accessibility	Until shippable

Rule: Don't advance to the next phase until the current phase's goal is met. Especially don't skip Fun Polish.

Checklists

Before Scoping

• Core loop defined in one sentence
• Core loop validated with checklist above
• Genre identified (affects scope expectations)
• Target play session length defined (5 min? 30 min? 2 hours?)
• Platform/input constraints known (keyboard? controller? touch?)
• Solo dev or team? (drastically affects achievable scope)
• Economy complexity level identified (none / single resource / dual currency / full economy) (see economy-design)

Scope Review

• MLP has ≤3 features beyond core loop
• 30% rule applied (original scope reduced)
• Every feature passes the cutting heuristics test
• Tracer bullet target defined (first thing to build)
• No features that require "new systems" to support
• No content-heavy items in MLP (those come later)
• Scope fits target timeline (be honest)
• Playtest plan: who will test, when, what you're testing for (see playtesting → Playtest Planning Checklist)
• MLP scenario walkthrough written (see scenario-walkthrough)

Tracer Bullet Methodology

A tracer bullet proves your game works end-to-end through all 5 layers:

┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│  Layer 1: INPUT                     │
│  Player presses button / clicks     │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Layer 2: CORE MECHANIC             │
│  Game responds (jump, card play)    │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Layer 3: GAME STATE                │
│  World updates (HP, position)       │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Layer 4: FEEDBACK                  │
│  Player sees/hears result           │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Layer 5: OUTPUT / CONSEQUENCE      │
│  Game state creates new situation   │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘

Rule: First build touches all 5 layers for ONE action. Don't build Layer 1 for all actions before starting Layer 2.

Genre	Tracer Bullet
Platformer	Run, jump on one platform, fall, respawn
Roguelike	Enter room, fight enemy, pick up item
Puzzle	Manipulate element, solve puzzle
Tower Defense	Place tower, enemy walks path
Card Game	Draw hand, play card, see effect

A tracer bullet is NOT: a polished demo, feature-complete, balanced, or content-rich.

Genre-Specific Scoping Tips

Genre	MLP Must Have	Common Over-Scope	Hidden Complexity
Platformer	Run, jump, platforms, one hazard, one level	Wall jump, double jump, dash, multiple worlds	Jump feel (coyote time, buffering, variable height)
Roguelike	One floor, one enemy type, one item, permadeath	Meta-progression, 10+ enemies, proc-gen	Proc-gen that feels good is a project itself
Puzzle	One mechanic, 5-10 handcrafted puzzles, clear win state	Proc-gen puzzles, hint system, multiple mechanics	Difficulty curves require extensive playtesting
Tower Defense	One path, one tower type, waves, win/lose	Tech trees, multiple maps, hero units	Tower cost vs enemy HP balance is iterative

Deep Dives

• (see scoping/vertical-slices.md for Vertical Slice Decomposition: best practices, antipatterns, SPIDR technique, 5-beat slicing)
• (see scoping/prioritization.md for MoSCoW Prioritization, 30% Rule, cutting heuristics, scope creep signals)

See Also

• design-frameworks — MDA, core loop theory, player motivation (the "why" behind scoping decisions) (see design-frameworks → MDA Framework)
• antipatterns — Common planning mistakes to avoid during scoping (see antipatterns/catalog.md → Scope Anti-Patterns)
• economy-design — Plan resource systems and balance before building (see economy-design)
• playtesting — Structure your playtest plan and iteration methodology (see playtesting → Playtest Planning Checklist)
• scenario-walkthrough — Narrate the player experience before implementation (see scenario-walkthrough → The 5-Beat Structure)
• difficulty-design — Difficulty modes as a scope decision, accessibility planning costs (see difficulty-design)
• content-planning — Content scope estimation, world structure decisions, procedural vs handcrafted (see content-planning)
• mechanics-palette — Browse mechanics during brainstorming before scoping to MLP (see mechanics-palette)