React Integration

The LLL Animation Workshop uses Vite + React TypeScript. GSAP and Three.js both work with React, but require specific integration patterns to avoid bugs.

Why React Changes Things

React manages the DOM — components render JSX which React turns into real DOM elements. This creates two challenges for animation libraries:

1. Timing: At the time a component function runs, the DOM elements it describes may not exist yet. GSAP cannot target elements that don't exist.
2. Refs, not queries: document.querySelector('.cube') is fragile in React. Use useRef to get a stable reference to the specific element in your component instance.
3. Cleanup: If a component unmounts (during hot module replacement, strict mode double-render, or navigation), any running tweens or render loops must be killed to prevent memory leaks.

The fix for all three: use useRef to get a stable reference to the DOM element, and useEffect to run animation code after the DOM is ready.

GSAP + React (Phase 1)

Setting Up the Ref

import { useRef, useEffect } from 'react'
import gsap from 'gsap'

function Cube() {
  // Separate refs for the two animated containers
  const positionRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null) // position container (translate)
  const cubeRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)     // cube container (roll rotation)

  useEffect(() => {
    const position = positionRef.current
    const cube = cubeRef.current
    if (!position || !cube) return

    function roll() {
      const tl = gsap.timeline({
        onComplete: () => {
          // Reset after each roll — the core technique
          gsap.set(cube, { rotationZ: 0 })
          roll()
        }
      })
      tl.to(position, { x: 100, y: 100, duration: 0.5 })
      tl.to(cube, { rotationZ: -90, duration: 0.5 }, '<')
    }

    roll()

    // Kill tweens when component unmounts (e.g. hot module replacement)
    return () => gsap.killTweensOf([position, cube])
  }, []) // Empty deps = run once after mount

  return (
    <div ref={positionRef} className="position-container">
      <div className="perspective-container">
        <div ref={cubeRef} className="cube">
          {/* 6 face divs */}
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}

Key Points

• Attach ref={positionRef} to the position container (outermost div) — GSAP animates its x/y for movement.
• Attach ref={cubeRef} to the cube container (innermost) — GSAP animates its rotation for rolling.
• The perspective container (middle div) holds the static isometric rotation and is never animated — no ref needed.
• useEffect with [] runs once after mount. This is the correct place for animation setup.
• Return a cleanup function from useEffect to kill tweens on unmount.

Three.js + React (Phase 2)

Canvas Ref + useEffect for Scene Setup

import { useRef, useEffect } from 'react'
import * as THREE from 'three'
import gsap from 'gsap'

function Cube3D() {
  const canvasRef = useRef<HTMLCanvasElement>(null)

  useEffect(() => {
    const canvas = canvasRef.current
    if (!canvas) return

    // The boilerplate already provides scene, camera, renderer, and render loop.
    // Add your mesh to the existing scene reference from the boilerplate.
    const geometry = new THREE.BoxGeometry(1, 1, 1)
    const material = new THREE.MeshBasicMaterial({ color: 0x4fd1c5 })
    const cube = new THREE.Mesh(geometry, material)
    // scene.add(cube) — use the boilerplate's scene

    // Cleanup on unmount — prevents GPU memory leaks during HMR
    return () => {
      geometry.dispose()
      material.dispose()
      gsap.killTweensOf(cube.rotation)
      gsap.killTweensOf(cube.position)
    }
  }, [])

  return <canvas ref={canvasRef} />
}

Workshop note: The starter repo's Cube3D.tsx boilerplate already initialises the scene, camera, renderer, and render loop. You don't need to create these — just add your mesh to the existing scene and animate it with GSAP.

Key Points

• Use useRef<HTMLCanvasElement> for the canvas element if you need to pass it to WebGLRenderer — the workshop boilerplate handles this for you, but the pattern is the same.
• All Three.js setup goes inside useEffect — the canvas must exist in the DOM first.
• Don't create a duplicate render loop — the boilerplate's RAF loop is already running.
• Clean up geometry.dispose() and material.dispose() on unmount to free GPU memory.
• Kill GSAP tweens in the cleanup to prevent errors when the component unmounts during a tween.

JSX Differences from HTML

HTML attribute	JSX equivalent
class="cube"	className="cube"
style="transform-style: preserve-3d"	style={{ transformStyle: 'preserve-3d' }}
onclick="fn()"	onClick={fn}
<br>	<br /> (must be self-closing)

Inline styles in JSX take a JavaScript object with camelCase property names. For complex animation, prefer external CSS classes — GSAP targets DOM elements directly and does not interact with React's render cycle.

See Also

• phase1-css-cube — CSS cube construction and isometric projection
• isometric-rolling-cube — Rolling animation technique and direction logic
• gsap-expert — Full GSAP API reference
• threejs-fundamentals — Three.js scene setup and Object3D hierarchy