shiny-maui-shell

Shiny MAUI Shell Skill

You are an expert in Shiny MAUI Shell, a library that enhances .NET MAUI Shell with ViewModel lifecycle management, navigation services, source generation, tab badges, and XAML-triggered navigation.

When to Use This Skill

Invoke this skill when the user wants to:

• Create new MAUI pages with ViewModels using Shiny Shell conventions
• Set up or configure Shiny MAUI Shell in their application
• Switch between different Shell instances at runtime (e.g., login shell vs main app shell)
• Implement navigation between pages using INavigator
• Set or clear tab badge values on tabs in the active Shell
• Add route-based XAML navigation with Navigate.* attached properties
• Build multi-segment navigation chains using INavigationBuilder (push multiple pages, pop-and-push)
• Show dialogs (alert, confirm, prompt, action sheet) using IDialogs
• Add ViewModel lifecycle hooks (appearing, disappearing, navigation confirmation)
• Use source generation with [ShellMap] and [ShellProperty] attributes
• Pass parameters between pages during navigation
• Create modal pages or tab navigation
• Migrate from vanilla MAUI Shell or Prism navigation to Shiny MAUI Shell
• Set up AI-driven navigation using Microsoft.Extensions.AI with route discovery and NavigateToRoute
• Create AI-compatible ViewModels with descriptive [ShellMap] and [ShellProperty] attributes

Library Overview

Documentation: https://shinylib.net/maui GitHub: https://github.com/shinyorg/mauishell NuGet: Shiny.Maui.Shell Namespace: Shiny

Shiny MAUI Shell wraps .NET MAUI Shell to provide:

• Page-to-ViewModel registration and automatic BindingContext assignment
• A testable INavigator service for all navigation operations
• A testable IDialogs service for alert, confirm, prompt, and action sheet dialogs
• INavigationBuilder for multi-segment navigation (push multiple pages in one operation, pop-and-push)
• Native numeric tab badges via INavigator.SetTabBadge* / ClearTabBadge*
• Attached-property XAML navigation via Navigate.Route, Navigate.RelativeNavigation, and parameter helpers
• Shell switching — swap the entire Shell at runtime (e.g., login → main app)
• ViewModel lifecycle interfaces (appearing, disappearing, dispose, navigation confirmation)
• Source generators that eliminate boilerplate route registration, produce strongly-typed navigation methods, and generate AI tool metadata
• ShinyShell base class for deterministic initial-page BindingContext assignment
• ShellServices record that aggregates INavigator, IDialogs, and IMainThread for convenient single-parameter injection
• IMainThread abstraction with built-in workarounds for macOS and Linux where MainThread.InvokeOnMainThreadAsync can deadlock / fail
• Pluggable IDialogs implementation via UseDialogs<TDialog>() — swap in your own dialog provider (e.g. ACR UserDialogs, a custom sheet, a test double)

Inspired by Prism Library by Dan Siegel and Brian Lagunas.

Setup

1. Install NuGet Package

dotnet add package Shiny.Maui.Shell

2. Configure in MauiProgram.cs

Manual registration:

public static MauiApp CreateMauiApp()
{
    var builder = MauiApp.CreateBuilder();
    builder
        .UseMauiApp<App>()
        .UseShinyShell(x => x
            .Add<MainPage, MainViewModel>(registerRoute: false)
            .Add<DetailPage, DetailViewModel>("Detail")
            .Add<SettingsPage, SettingsViewModel>("Settings")
        )
        .ConfigureFonts(fonts =>
        {
            fonts.AddFont("OpenSans-Regular.ttf", "OpenSansRegular");
        });

    return builder.Build();
}

With source generation (preferred):

builder
    .UseMauiApp<App>()
    .UseShinyShell(x => x
        .AddGeneratedMaps()
        .AddAiTools()       // registers AiMauiShellTools as singleton for AI integration
    )

With a custom dialog provider:

builder
    .UseMauiApp<App>()
    .UseShinyShell(x => x
        .AddGeneratedMaps()
        .UseDialogs<MyCustomDialogs>()   // register a custom IDialogs implementation
    );

UseDialogs<TDialog>() replaces the default ShellDialogs provider. The default registration uses TryAddSingleton, so a UseDialogs<> call always wins.

3. AppShell must inherit from ShinyShell

Your AppShell (or any Shell subclass) must inherit from Shiny.ShinyShell instead of Shell. This ensures the initial page's BindingContext is set deterministically via Shell's own OnNavigated lifecycle.

AppShell.xaml:

<shiny:ShinyShell
    x:Class="MyApp.AppShell"
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/dotnet/2021/maui"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"
    xmlns:shiny="clr-namespace:Shiny;assembly=Shiny.Maui.Shell"
    xmlns:local="clr-namespace:MyApp"
    Title="MyApp">

    <ShellContent
        Title="Home"
        ContentTemplate="{DataTemplate local:MainPage}"
        Route="MainPage" />

</shiny:ShinyShell>

AppShell.xaml.cs:

using Shiny;

namespace MyApp;

public partial class AppShell : ShinyShell
{
    public AppShell()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }
}

Important Notes

• Pages defined in AppShell.xaml should use registerRoute: false since Shell already registers them
• Pages navigated to programmatically need route registration (the default behavior)
• All Pages and ViewModels are registered as Transient in DI automatically

Code Generation Instructions

When generating code for Shiny MAUI Shell projects, follow these conventions:

1. ViewModels

All ViewModels must implement INotifyPropertyChanged. Use CommunityToolkit.Mvvm ObservableObject as the base:

[ShellMap<MyPage>("MyRoute")]
public partial class MyViewModel : ObservableObject
{
}

• Use [ShellMap<TPage>("Route")] on every ViewModel class
• The route parameter must be a valid C# identifier — it is used as the generated constant name and method name
• Invalid route names (hyphens, spaces, leading digits) produce a SHINY001 compiler error
• When no route is specified, the page type name without the Page suffix is used as the generated name
• Set registerRoute: false only for pages already declared in AppShell.xaml
• ViewModel classes using source generation should be partial
• Use primary constructors to inject INavigator and other dependencies

2. Navigation Properties

Use [ShellProperty] on ViewModel properties that should be passed as navigation parameters:

[ShellMap<DetailPage>("Detail")]
public partial class DetailViewModel : ObservableObject
{
    [ShellProperty]
    public string ItemId { get; set; }

    [ShellProperty(required: false)]
    public int PageIndex { get; set; }
}

• Properties marked [ShellProperty] are required by default
• Use [ShellProperty(required: false)] for optional parameters
• [ShellProperty] properties are set directly by the source-generated navigation methods — no IQueryAttributable needed
• Source generator creates strongly-typed extension methods on INavigator

3. Lifecycle Interfaces

Implement these interfaces on ViewModels as needed:

Interface	Purpose
IPageLifecycleAware	OnAppearing() / OnDisappearing() hooks
INavigationConfirmation	Task<bool> CanNavigate() - confirm before leaving
INavigationAware	OnNavigatingFrom(IDictionary<string, object>) - mutate args before leaving
IQueryAttributable	ApplyQueryAttributes(IDictionary<string, object>) - receive navigation args (only needed for string-based NavigateTo(route, args) — not needed when using [ShellProperty])
IDisposable	Cleanup when page is removed from navigation stack

4. Navigation Events

INavigator exposes two events for observing navigation:

• Navigating — fires before navigation with the source ViewModel instance
• Navigated — fires after navigation with the destination ViewModel instance

navigator.Navigating += (sender, args) =>
{
    // args.FromUri, args.FromViewModel, args.ToUri, args.NavigationType, args.Parameters
};

navigator.Navigated += (sender, args) =>
{
    // args.ToUri, args.ToViewModel, args.NavigationType, args.Parameters
};

Hook these events in an IMauiInitializeService for cross-cutting concerns like logging or analytics.

5. Navigation

Always use INavigator for navigation, never Shell.Current.GoToAsync directly:

// Route-based navigation with args
await navigator.NavigateTo("Detail", args: [("ItemId", "123"), ("PageIndex", 0)]);

// ViewModel-based navigation with strongly-typed configuration
await navigator.NavigateTo<DetailViewModel>(vm => vm.ItemId = "123");

// Source-generated strongly-typed method (preferred)
await navigator.NavigateToDetail("123", pageIndex: 0);

// Absolute navigation (navigates to root route "//Detail")
await navigator.NavigateTo("Detail", relativeNavigation: false);
await navigator.NavigateTo<DetailViewModel>(relativeNavigation: false);

// Go back with result parameters
await navigator.GoBack(("Result", selectedItem));

// Go back multiple pages
await navigator.GoBack(backCount: 2);

// Pop to root
await navigator.PopToRoot();

// Switch to a different Shell instance
await navigator.SwitchShell(new MainAppShell());

// Switch to a Shell resolved from DI
await navigator.SwitchShell<MainAppShell>();

5a. Navigation Builder

Use INavigationBuilder for multi-segment navigation (pushing multiple pages in a single operation):

// Push a chain of pages: One > Another > Two
await navigator
    .CreateBuilder()
    .Add<OneViewModel>(x => x.Text = "First")
    .Add<AnotherViewModel>(x => x.Arg = "Middle")
    .Add<TwoViewModel>(x => x.Text = "Last")
    .Navigate();

// Pop back 2 pages, then push a new page
await navigator
    .CreateBuilder()
    .PopBack(2)
    .Add<OneViewModel>(x => x.Text = "Replaced")
    .Navigate();

// Add by route name (no configure callback)
await navigator
    .CreateBuilder()
    .Add("Detail")
    .Navigate();

Important Shell constraints for the Navigation Builder:

• All pages used in a builder chain must be globally registered via Routing.RegisterRoute (i.e., registerRoute: true, which is the default). Pages declared as ShellContent in XAML cannot be used in multi-segment relative URIs.
• PopBack() must be called before any Add() calls.
• fromRoot: true on CreateBuilder only works when the target route is a shell-declared route (a ShellContent in XAML), not a globally registered route.

5b. Tab Badges

Use the badge APIs when a route already exists as a tab in the active Shell:

// Route-based badge updates
await navigator.SetTabBadge("Inbox", 3);
await navigator.ClearTabBadge("Inbox");

// ViewModel-based badge updates
await navigator.SetTabBadge<InboxViewModel>(7);
await navigator.ClearTabBadge<InboxViewModel>();

• Badge APIs target existing tabs in the active Shell, not arbitrary pushed pages
• Supported platforms: Android, iOS, Mac Catalyst, Windows
• Unsupported platforms currently throw PlatformNotSupportedException (neutral target, Linux, macOS AppKit)

5c. XAML Navigation

Use Navigate.* attached properties for simple route-based navigation directly from XAML:

<ContentPage
    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/dotnet/2021/maui"
    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"
    xmlns:shiny="clr-namespace:Shiny;assembly=Shiny.Maui.Shell">
    <ContentPage.ToolbarItems>
        <ToolbarItem Text="Home"
                     shiny:Navigate.Route="MainPage"
                     shiny:Navigate.RelativeNavigation="False" />
    </ContentPage.ToolbarItems>

    <Button Text="Open Detail"
            shiny:Navigate.Route="Detail"
            shiny:Navigate.ParameterKey="ItemId"
            shiny:Navigate.ParameterValue="{Binding SelectedId}" />
</ContentPage>

For multiple parameters:

<Button Text="Open Modal"
        shiny:Navigate.Route="Modal">
    <shiny:Navigate.Parameters>
        <shiny:NavigationParameters>
            <shiny:NavigationParameter Key="Arg1" Value="{Binding NavArg}" />
            <shiny:NavigationParameter Key="Arg2" Value="5" />
        </shiny:NavigationParameters>
    </shiny:Navigate.Parameters>
</Button>

• Supported controls: Button, MenuItem, ToolbarItem
• Navigate.Route accepts the route string passed to INavigator.NavigateTo(...)
• Keep XAML navigation generic; strongly-typed helpers belong in generated C# extensions, not XAML attached properties

5d. AI Tool Navigation

Shiny MAUI Shell generates AI-compatible route metadata and navigation methods for use with Microsoft.Extensions.AI. An AI chat client can discover routes, understand their purpose, and navigate with parameters extracted from natural language.

Describe routes for AI — Add description to [ShellMap] and [ShellProperty]:

public enum WorkOrderPriority { Low, Medium, High, Urgent }

[ShellMap<WorkOrderPage>(description: "Use when the user reports something broken or needing repair")]
public partial class WorkOrderViewModel : ObservableObject
{
    [ShellProperty("Summarize what is broken based on what the user said", required: true)]
    public string Description { get; set; } = string.Empty;

    [ShellProperty("Infer urgency from tone. Must be: Low, Medium, High, or Urgent", required: true)]
    public WorkOrderPriority Priority { get; set; } = WorkOrderPriority.Medium;
}

Generated AI class (AiMauiShellTools):

The source generator produces an AiMauiShellTools class (name configurable via ShinyMauiShell_AiToolsClassName) that takes INavigator via constructor injection and provides:

• Prompt — pre-formatted string describing all AI-applicable routes for seeding AI system messages
• Tools — ready-to-use AITool[] instances for route discovery and navigation
• GetAiToolApplicableGeneratedRoutes() — returns only routes that have a description AND at least one parameter
• NavigateToRoute(route, args) — AI-friendly navigation using switch dispatch to NavigateTo<TViewModel> with direct property setters and automatic type conversion (int, bool, double, enums, DateTime, etc.)

Additionally, GetGeneratedRouteInfo() remains as a static extension on INavigator returning all routes with parameter metadata.

A generated AddAiTools() extension on ShinyAppBuilder registers the class as a singleton.

Wire up AI tools (enabled by default when Microsoft.Extensions.AI is referenced):

// MauiProgram.cs
builder.UseShinyShell(x => x
    .AddGeneratedMaps()
    .AddAiTools()
);

// In your ViewModel — inject AiMauiShellTools
public class ChatViewModel(AiMauiShellTools aiTools)
{
    var options = new ChatOptions { Tools = [.. aiTools.Tools] };
}

Key conventions for AI-friendly ViewModels:

• Route descriptions should describe user intent signals, not just the page name — e.g. "Use when the user reports something broken" not "Work order page"
• Property descriptions should tell the AI to infer values from natural language — e.g. "Infer urgency from tone" not "The priority level"
• Use GetAiToolApplicableGeneratedRoutes (not GetGeneratedRouteInfo) to keep the AI focused on actionable routes
• Properties can be string, int, bool, double, enums, DateTime, Guid, etc. — the generated NavigateToRoute handles type conversion automatically
• Enums are especially AI-friendly — the model outputs the member name as a string and the generator parses it case-insensitively

6. Dialogs

Always use IDialogs for user-facing dialogs. Inject it via the primary constructor:

public class MyViewModel(INavigator navigator, IDialogs dialogs)
{
    // Alert - informational message
    await dialogs.Alert("Title", "Something happened");

    // Confirm - yes/no question, returns bool
    bool confirmed = await dialogs.Confirm("Delete?", "Are you sure?");

    // Prompt - text input, returns string? (null if cancelled)
    var name = await dialogs.Prompt("Name", "Enter your name", placeholder: "John Doe");

    // Prompt with numeric keyboard
    var age = await dialogs.Prompt("Age", "Enter your age", keyboard: Keyboard.Numeric);

    // Action sheet - choose from options
    var choice = await dialogs.ActionSheet("Options", "Cancel", "Delete", "Edit", "Share");
}

7. ShellServices Aggregate & IMainThread

ShellServices is a convenience record that bundles the three shell services together. Inject it when a ViewModel or service needs most of them and you want a single parameter:

public record ShellServices(
    INavigator Navigator,
    IDialogs Dialogs,
    IMainThread MainThread
);

public class MyViewModel(ShellServices shell)
{
    async Task DoWork()
    {
        shell.MainThread.BeginInvokeOnMainThread(() => /* UI update */);
        await shell.Dialogs.Alert("Done", "Work complete");
        await shell.Navigator.GoBack();
    }
}

IMainThread is the thread-marshalling abstraction used internally by ShellNavigator and ShellDialogs. Prefer it over Microsoft.Maui.ApplicationModel.MainThread inside Shiny Shell code because the default implementation (MauiMainThread) transparently works around platforms where MAUI's MainThread.InvokeOnMainThreadAsync is broken — currently macOS and Linux, where calls are executed inline instead of being dispatched.

public interface IMainThread
{
    Task InvokeOnMainThreadAsync(Action action);
    Task InvokeOnMainThreadAsync(Func<Task> func);
    Task<T> InvokeOnMainThreadAsync<T>(Func<Task<T>> func);
    void BeginInvokeOnMainThread(Action action);
}

Both ShellServices and IMainThread are registered as singletons by UseShinyShell() — no extra setup required.

8. Modal Pages

Set Shell.PresentationMode="Modal" on the page XAML:

<ContentPage xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/dotnet/2021/maui"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2009/xaml"
             Shell.PresentationMode="Modal"
             x:Class="MyApp.ModalPage">

Navigate to it like any other page. Close with GoBack().

9. File Organization

Place files following standard MAUI conventions:

• Pages: Views/{Name}Page.xaml + Views/{Name}Page.xaml.cs
• ViewModels: ViewModels/{Name}ViewModel.cs
• Or co-locate: Features/{Feature}/{Name}Page.xaml + {Name}ViewModel.cs

Source Generation Output

The source generator produces up to three files from [ShellMap] and [ShellProperty] attributes. Each can be individually disabled via MSBuild properties.

Routes.g.cs

The constant name is derived from the route parameter (or page type name without Page suffix when no route is specified):

public static class Routes
{
    public const string Detail = "Detail";
    public const string Settings = "Settings";
}

NavigationExtensions.g.cs

Method names are also derived from the route parameter:

public static class NavigationExtensions
{
    public static Task NavigateToDetail(this INavigator navigator, string itemId, int pageIndex = default)
    {
        return navigator.NavigateTo<DetailViewModel>(x =>
        {
            x.ItemId = itemId;
            x.PageIndex = pageIndex;
        });
    }
}

NavigationBuilderExtensions.g.cs

Uses inline string literals (not Routes.* constants), so it works regardless of whether route constants are enabled:

public static class NavigationBuilderExtensions
{
    public static ShinyAppBuilder AddGeneratedMaps(this ShinyAppBuilder builder)
    {
        builder.Add<DetailPage, DetailViewModel>("Detail");
        builder.Add<SettingsPage, SettingsViewModel>("Settings");
        return builder;
    }
}

Configuring Source Generation

Disable individual generated files via MSBuild properties in .csproj:

<PropertyGroup>
    <!-- Disable Routes.g.cs -->
    <ShinyMauiShell_GenerateRouteConstants>false</ShinyMauiShell_GenerateRouteConstants>

    <!-- Disable NavigationExtensions.g.cs -->
    <ShinyMauiShell_GenerateNavExtensions>false</ShinyMauiShell_GenerateNavExtensions>

    <!-- Disable AI extensions (enabled by default, requires Microsoft.Extensions.AI) -->
    <ShinyMauiShell_GenerateAiExtensions>false</ShinyMauiShell_GenerateAiExtensions>

    <!-- Customize the generated AI tools class name (default: AiMauiShellTools) -->
    <ShinyMauiShell_AiToolsClassName>MyAppAiTools</ShinyMauiShell_AiToolsClassName>

    <!-- Customize the generated static extensions class name (default: AiExtensions) -->
    <ShinyMauiShell_AiExtensionsClassName>MyAppRouteExtensions</ShinyMauiShell_AiExtensionsClassName>

    <!-- Customize the AI navigate method name (default: NavigateToRoute) -->
    <ShinyMauiShell_AiNavigateMethodName>GoToPage</ShinyMauiShell_AiNavigateMethodName>
</PropertyGroup>

Property	Default	Controls
ShinyMauiShell_GenerateRouteConstants	true	Routes.g.cs
ShinyMauiShell_GenerateNavExtensions	true	All navigation extensions and AddGeneratedMaps
ShinyMauiShell_GenerateAiExtensions	true	AiMauiShellTools class, AddAiTools(), GetAiToolApplicableGeneratedRoutes, NavigateToRoute, and Prompt. Requires Microsoft.Extensions.AI (SHINY003 error if missing). Set to false to disable
ShinyMauiShell_AiToolsClassName	AiMauiShellTools	Class name for the generated AI tools class
ShinyMauiShell_AiExtensionsClassName	AiExtensions	Class name for the static route info extensions class
ShinyMauiShell_AiNavigateMethodName	NavigateToRoute	Method name for the AI-friendly navigate method

Complete ViewModel Example

using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.ComponentModel;
using CommunityToolkit.Mvvm.Input;
using Shiny;

namespace MyApp.ViewModels;

[ShellMap<DetailPage>("Detail")]
public partial class DetailViewModel(INavigator navigator, IDialogs dialogs) : ObservableObject,
    IPageLifecycleAware,
    INavigationConfirmation,
    INavigationAware,
    IDisposable
{
    [ShellProperty]
    [ObservableProperty]
    string itemId;

    [ObservableProperty]
    string title;

    bool hasUnsavedChanges;

    // Page appeared
    public void OnAppearing()
    {
        // Load data, start listening, etc.
    }

    // Page disappearing
    public void OnDisappearing()
    {
        // Pause operations
    }

    // Confirm before leaving
    public async Task<bool> CanNavigate()
    {
        if (!hasUnsavedChanges)
            return true;

        return await dialogs.Confirm(
            "Unsaved Changes",
            "You have unsaved changes. Discard them?"
        );
    }

    // Mutate parameters before leaving
    public void OnNavigatingFrom(IDictionary<string, object> parameters)
    {
        parameters["LastViewedItem"] = ItemId;
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    async Task Save()
    {
        // Save logic
        hasUnsavedChanges = false;
        await navigator.GoBack(("Saved", true));
    }

    [RelayCommand]
    Task GoBack() => navigator.GoBack();

    public void Dispose()
    {
        // Cleanup subscriptions, timers, etc.
    }
}

Best Practices

1. Use source generation - Always prefer [ShellMap] + [ShellProperty] + AddGeneratedMaps() over manual registration
2. Inject INavigator - Never use Shell.Current.GoToAsync directly; use INavigator for testability
3. Inject IDialogs - Never use Shell.Current.DisplayAlert directly; use IDialogs for testability
4. Use primary constructors - Inject dependencies via primary constructor parameters
5. Use [ShellProperty] - Properties are set directly by generated navigation methods — no IQueryAttributable needed
6. Use ObservableObject - From CommunityToolkit.Mvvm as the ViewModel base class
7. Implement IDisposable - Clean up event handlers and subscriptions to prevent memory leaks
8. Use CanNavigate for guards - Protect unsaved changes with INavigationConfirmation
9. Mark ViewModel partial - Required when using [ShellMap] source generation and CommunityToolkit attributes
10. Pass results via GoBack args - Return data to the previous page through navigation parameters
11. Use tab badges only on shell tabs - Badge APIs resolve existing tab routes in the active Shell
12. Use Navigate.* for lightweight XAML wiring - Prefer ViewModel commands when navigation needs branching logic or validation

Reference Files

For detailed templates and examples, see:

• reference/templates.md - Page and ViewModel code generation templates
• reference/api-reference.md - Full API surface, interfaces, and attributes

Common Packages

dotnet add package Shiny.Maui.Shell           # Core library with source generators
dotnet add package CommunityToolkit.Mvvm      # ObservableObject, RelayCommand, etc.