Using Serena Symbol Analysis

Serena provides LSP-powered code intelligence for accurate symbol extraction, relationship discovery, and cross-file analysis.

When to Use Serena vs Text Search

Use Serena	Use Grep/Text Search
Finding class/function definitions	Searching for string literals
Tracing method references	Finding patterns in comments
Understanding call hierarchies	Searching config files
Analyzing imports/dependencies	Finding TODO/FIXME markers
Cross-file architecture analysis	Simple keyword search

Key advantage: Serena understands code structure. find_symbol("UserService") finds the actual class definition, not every mention of "UserService" in comments or strings.

Core Tools

1. get_symbols_overview

Get high-level view of symbols in a file. Start here when exploring a new file.

mcp__plugin_serena_serena__get_symbols_overview({
  "relative_path": "src/services/auth.py",
  "depth": 1  # 0=top-level only, 1=include methods
})

Returns: Classes, functions, variables with their kind and location.

2. find_symbol

Find symbols by name pattern. Supports flexible matching.

Name path patterns:

• UserService - Find any symbol named "UserService"
• UserService/authenticate - Find method in class
• /UserService - Exact match (absolute path)
• Service with substring_matching: true - Matches "UserService", "AuthService", etc.

mcp__plugin_serena_serena__find_symbol({
  "name_path_pattern": "UserService/authenticate",
  "include_body": true,  # Get source code
  "depth": 0  # 0=just this symbol, 1=include children
})

Key parameters:

• include_body (bool): Include source code (use judiciously for context)
• depth (int): How many levels of children to retrieve
• relative_path (str): Restrict search to file/directory
• substring_matching (bool): Partial name matching

3. find_referencing_symbols

Find all references to a symbol. Essential for understanding impact.

mcp__plugin_serena_serena__find_referencing_symbols({
  "name_path": "UserService/authenticate",
  "relative_path": "src/services/auth.py"
})

Returns: Code snippets showing each reference with context.

4. search_for_pattern

Regex search when you need flexibility (like grep, but smarter file filtering).

mcp__plugin_serena_serena__search_for_pattern({
  "substring_pattern": "def.*async.*:",
  "restrict_search_to_code_files": true,
  "context_lines_before": 2,
  "context_lines_after": 2
})

Process

Exploring a New Codebase

1. Directory structure - Understand layout

   mcp__plugin_serena_serena__list_dir({
     "relative_path": ".",
     "recursive": false
   })
   

2. Entry points - Find main files

   mcp__plugin_serena_serena__get_symbols_overview({
     "relative_path": "src/main.py",
     "depth": 1
   })
   

3. Trace key classes - Understand structure

   mcp__plugin_serena_serena__find_symbol({
     "name_path_pattern": "App",
     "include_body": false,
     "depth": 1
   })
   

Understanding a Specific Class

1. Find the class with children

   mcp__plugin_serena_serena__find_symbol({
     "name_path_pattern": "AuthService",
     "depth": 1,
     "include_body": false
   })
   

2. Read specific methods you need

   mcp__plugin_serena_serena__find_symbol({
     "name_path_pattern": "AuthService/validate_token",
     "include_body": true
   })
   

3. Find who calls it

   mcp__plugin_serena_serena__find_referencing_symbols({
     "name_path": "AuthService/validate_token",
     "relative_path": "src/services/auth.py"
   })
   

Tracing Dependencies

1. Find all imports of a module

   mcp__plugin_serena_serena__search_for_pattern({
     "substring_pattern": "from.*auth.*import|import.*auth",
     "restrict_search_to_code_files": true
   })
   

2. Find references to trace usage

   mcp__plugin_serena_serena__find_referencing_symbols({
     "name_path": "AuthService",
     "relative_path": "src/services/auth.py"
   })
   

Symbol Kinds Reference

LSP symbol kinds (for include_kinds/exclude_kinds filtering):

Kind	Int	Description
File	1
Module	2
Namespace	3
Package	4
Class	5
Method	6
Property	7
Field	8
Constructor	9
Enum	10
Interface	11
Function	12
Variable	13
Constant	14

Example - find only classes:

mcp__plugin_serena_serena__find_symbol({
  "name_path_pattern": "Service",
  "substring_matching": true,
  "include_kinds": [5]  # Class only
})

Efficiency Tips

1. Use relative_path to scope searches - much faster than searching entire codebase
2. Start with include_body: false - get structure first, read code only when needed
3. Use depth: 0 initially - expand to children only when exploring specific classes
4. Combine with Forgetful - create memories for important architectural findings

Triggers

Trigger Phrase	Operation
how do I find a symbol	find_symbol with name_path_pattern
how do I explore a file's structure	get_symbols_overview with depth
how do I trace references	find_referencing_symbols
how do I search code patterns	search_for_pattern with regex
what methods does this class have	find_symbol with depth=1

---

When to Use

Use this skill when:

• Exploring class/function definitions with structural accuracy
• Tracing method call hierarchies across files
• Analyzing imports and dependencies
• Need code intelligence beyond text matching

Use Grep/text search instead when:

• Searching for string literals or comments
• Finding patterns in config files or YAML
• Looking for TODO/FIXME markers
• Simple keyword search across non-code files

Use serena-code-architecture instead when:

• Performing full architectural analysis with memory persistence
• Building entity graphs from code structure

---

Anti-Patterns

Avoid	Why	Instead
Searching entire codebase without relative_path	Slow, noisy results	Scope with relative_path parameter
Starting with include_body=true	Wastes tokens on code you may not need	Start with include_body=false, read selectively
Using depth > 1 on large modules	Returns excessive nested symbols	Use depth=0 or depth=1, expand as needed
Using text grep for symbol definitions	Matches comments, strings, false positives	Use find_symbol for structural accuracy
Skipping get_symbols_overview	Jumping to find_symbol without context	Start with overview to understand file structure

---

Verification

After symbol analysis:

• Correct symbol found (not a similarly named one)
• References traced to all call sites
• Scope was narrowed with relative_path where possible
• Results were token-efficient (include_body only when needed)

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Language Support

Serena works with any language that has an LSP server configured:

• Python (pyright/pylsp)
• TypeScript/JavaScript (tsserver)
• Rust (rust-analyzer)
• Go (gopls)
• Java (jdtls)
• And more...

The specific features available depend on the language server's capabilities.