From islamic-finance
Activate for: salam, forward purchase Islamic, advance payment commodity, FAS 7, agricultural finance Islamic, salam receivable, parallel salam, commodity forward Islamic, advance purchase contract.
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Salam: The bank pays in FULL and IN ADVANCE for a commodity to be delivered
Activate for: murabaha, cost-plus financing, deferred sale, commodity murabaha, tawarruq, FAS 2, murabaha receivable, deferred murabaha income, murabaha portfolio, murabaha schedule, murabaha profit recognition, mark-up financing.
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Salam: The bank pays in FULL and IN ADVANCE for a commodity to be delivered at a specified future date, location, and of specified quality and quantity.
Shariah requirements (all must be met — if any fails, contract is void):
At contract execution (payment of advance): Dr: Salam Receivable [Full payment amount] Cr: Cash [Full payment amount]
The salam receivable represents the bank's right to receive the commodity. Carry at cost (the advance price paid), not at fair value of the commodity.
At delivery: Dr: Salam Commodity / Inventory [Cost = original salam payment] Cr: Salam Receivable [Cost — derecognise the receivable]
On sale of commodity (bank sells to market): Dr: Cash / Receivable from buyer [Sale price] Cr: Salam Commodity / Inventory [Cost] Cr/Dr: Gain / Loss on Salam [Difference]
Commodity price risk: The bank bears price risk between advance payment and delivery. If market price falls below advance price → loss. If it rises → gain. This risk is inherent in salam. It is NOT a Shariah compliance issue.
To hedge or resell: Bank enters a SECOND salam (parallel salam) selling the same commodity to another party at a higher price for delivery on the same date.
IMPORTANT: The two salam contracts must be INDEPENDENT. The bank bears delivery risk in both. Cannot use customer's delivery to satisfy the parallel salam (linking the two contracts may violate Shariah).
Parallel salam accounting: recognise as a separate salam liability. Do not net the two contracts.
AAOIFI FAS 7: