shadcn/ui Data Tables

Build powerful data tables with TanStack Table and shadcn/ui components.

Setup

Install Dependencies

npm install @tanstack/react-table
npx shadcn@latest add table

Basic Structure

Data tables consist of:

1. Column definitions - Define columns and their behavior
2. Table instance - TanStack Table hook
3. Render - shadcn Table components

Basic Data Table

1. Define Columns

// columns.tsx
"use client"

import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"

export type Payment = {
  id: string
  amount: number
  status: "pending" | "processing" | "success" | "failed"
  email: string
}

export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  {
    accessorKey: "status",
    header: "Status",
  },
  {
    accessorKey: "email",
    header: "Email",
  },
  {
    accessorKey: "amount",
    header: "Amount",
    cell: ({ row }) => {
      const amount = parseFloat(row.getValue("amount"))
      const formatted = new Intl.NumberFormat("en-US", {
        style: "currency",
        currency: "USD",
      }).format(amount)
      return <div className="font-medium">{formatted}</div>
    },
  },
]

2. Create DataTable Component

// data-table.tsx
"use client"

import {
  ColumnDef,
  flexRender,
  getCoreRowModel,
  useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"

import {
  Table,
  TableBody,
  TableCell,
  TableHead,
  TableHeader,
  TableRow,
} from "@/components/ui/table"

interface DataTableProps<TData, TValue> {
  columns: ColumnDef<TData, TValue>[]
  data: TData[]
}

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
  })

  return (
    <div className="rounded-md border">
      <Table>
        <TableHeader>
          {table.getHeaderGroups().map((headerGroup) => (
            <TableRow key={headerGroup.id}>
              {headerGroup.headers.map((header) => (
                <TableHead key={header.id}>
                  {header.isPlaceholder
                    ? null
                    : flexRender(
                        header.column.columnDef.header,
                        header.getContext()
                      )}
                </TableHead>
              ))}
            </TableRow>
          ))}
        </TableHeader>
        <TableBody>
          {table.getRowModel().rows?.length ? (
            table.getRowModel().rows.map((row) => (
              <TableRow
                key={row.id}
                data-state={row.getIsSelected() && "selected"}
              >
                {row.getVisibleCells().map((cell) => (
                  <TableCell key={cell.id}>
                    {flexRender(cell.column.columnDef.cell, cell.getContext())}
                  </TableCell>
                ))}
              </TableRow>
            ))
          ) : (
            <TableRow>
              <TableCell colSpan={columns.length} className="h-24 text-center">
                No results.
              </TableCell>
            </TableRow>
          )}
        </TableBody>
      </Table>
    </div>
  )
}

3. Use the Table

// page.tsx
import { Payment, columns } from "./columns"
import { DataTable } from "./data-table"

async function getData(): Promise<Payment[]> {
  // Fetch data from API
  return [
    { id: "1", amount: 100, status: "pending", email: "m@example.com" },
    { id: "2", amount: 125, status: "success", email: "n@example.com" },
  ]
}

export default async function Page() {
  const data = await getData()

  return (
    <div className="container mx-auto py-10">
      <DataTable columns={columns} data={data} />
    </div>
  )
}

Adding Features

Sorting

import { ArrowUpDown } from "lucide-react"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"

// In column definition
{
  accessorKey: "email",
  header: ({ column }) => {
    return (
      <Button
        variant="ghost"
        onClick={() => column.toggleSorting(column.getIsSorted() === "asc")}
      >
        Email
        <ArrowUpDown className="ml-2 h-4 w-4" />
      </Button>
    )
  },
}

// In useReactTable
import { getSortedRowModel, SortingState } from "@tanstack/react-table"

const [sorting, setSorting] = useState<SortingState>([])

const table = useReactTable({
  // ...
  onSortingChange: setSorting,
  getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
  state: {
    sorting,
  },
})

Filtering

import { getFilteredRowModel, ColumnFiltersState } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input"

const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = useState<ColumnFiltersState>([])

const table = useReactTable({
  // ...
  onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
  getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
  state: {
    columnFilters,
  },
})

// Filter input
<Input
  placeholder="Filter emails..."
  value={(table.getColumn("email")?.getFilterValue() as string) ?? ""}
  onChange={(event) =>
    table.getColumn("email")?.setFilterValue(event.target.value)
  }
  className="max-w-sm"
/>

Pagination

import { getPaginationRowModel } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"

const table = useReactTable({
  // ...
  getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
})

// Pagination controls
<div className="flex items-center justify-end space-x-2 py-4">
  <Button
    variant="outline"
    size="sm"
    onClick={() => table.previousPage()}
    disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
  >
    Previous
  </Button>
  <Button
    variant="outline"
    size="sm"
    onClick={() => table.nextPage()}
    disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
  >
    Next
  </Button>
</div>

Row Selection

// Add checkbox column
import { Checkbox } from "@/components/ui/checkbox"

{
  id: "select",
  header: ({ table }) => (
    <Checkbox
      checked={
        table.getIsAllPageRowsSelected() ||
        (table.getIsSomePageRowsSelected() && "indeterminate")
      }
      onCheckedChange={(value) => table.toggleAllPageRowsSelected(!!value)}
      aria-label="Select all"
    />
  ),
  cell: ({ row }) => (
    <Checkbox
      checked={row.getIsSelected()}
      onCheckedChange={(value) => row.toggleSelected(!!value)}
      aria-label="Select row"
    />
  ),
  enableSorting: false,
  enableHiding: false,
}

// In useReactTable
const [rowSelection, setRowSelection] = useState({})

const table = useReactTable({
  // ...
  onRowSelectionChange: setRowSelection,
  state: {
    rowSelection,
  },
})

// Show selection count
<div className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
  {table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel().rows.length} of{" "}
  {table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.length} row(s) selected.
</div>

Column Visibility

import {
  DropdownMenu,
  DropdownMenuCheckboxItem,
  DropdownMenuContent,
  DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"

<DropdownMenu>
  <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
    <Button variant="outline" className="ml-auto">
      Columns
    </Button>
  </DropdownMenuTrigger>
  <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
    {table
      .getAllColumns()
      .filter((column) => column.getCanHide())
      .map((column) => (
        <DropdownMenuCheckboxItem
          key={column.id}
          className="capitalize"
          checked={column.getIsVisible()}
          onCheckedChange={(value) => column.toggleVisibility(!!value)}
        >
          {column.id}
        </DropdownMenuCheckboxItem>
      ))}
  </DropdownMenuContent>
</DropdownMenu>

Row Actions

import { MoreHorizontal } from "lucide-react"

{
  id: "actions",
  cell: ({ row }) => {
    const payment = row.original

    return (
      <DropdownMenu>
        <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
          <Button variant="ghost" className="h-8 w-8 p-0">
            <span className="sr-only">Open menu</span>
            <MoreHorizontal className="h-4 w-4" />
          </Button>
        </DropdownMenuTrigger>
        <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
          <DropdownMenuLabel>Actions</DropdownMenuLabel>
          <DropdownMenuItem
            onClick={() => navigator.clipboard.writeText(payment.id)}
          >
            Copy payment ID
          </DropdownMenuItem>
          <DropdownMenuSeparator />
          <DropdownMenuItem>View details</DropdownMenuItem>
          <DropdownMenuItem>Edit</DropdownMenuItem>
        </DropdownMenuContent>
      </DropdownMenu>
    )
  },
}

Server-Side Tables

For large datasets, use server-side pagination:

interface DataTableProps<TData, TValue> {
  columns: ColumnDef<TData, TValue>[]
  data: TData[]
  pageCount: number
}

const table = useReactTable({
  data,
  columns,
  pageCount,
  getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
  manualPagination: true,
  manualFiltering: true,
  manualSorting: true,
  state: {
    pagination,
    sorting,
    columnFilters,
  },
})

// Sync state with URL
const searchParams = useSearchParams()
const router = useRouter()

useEffect(() => {
  router.push(`?page=${pagination.pageIndex}&size=${pagination.pageSize}`)
}, [pagination])

Reference Files

• references/table-patterns.md - Advanced table patterns
• references/column-types.md - Column definition examples

Resources

• TanStack Table: https://tanstack.com/table
• shadcn Data Table: https://ui.shadcn.com/docs/components/data-table