shadcn/ui

Beautifully designed, accessible, and customizable React components built on Radix UI primitives.

Quick Start

Initialize in project:

npx shadcn@latest init

Configuration prompts:

Would you like to use TypeScript? yes
Which style would you like to use? Default
Which color would you like to use as base color? Slate
Where is your global CSS file? app/globals.css
Would you like to use CSS variables? yes
Where is your tailwind.config.js? tailwind.config.ts
Configure the import alias for components? @/components
Configure the import alias for utils? @/lib/utils

Add components:

npx shadcn@latest add button
npx shadcn@latest add card
npx shadcn@latest add input
npx shadcn@latest add form

Project Structure

src/
  components/
    ui/               # shadcn/ui components
      button.tsx
      card.tsx
      input.tsx
  lib/
    utils.ts          # cn() utility
  app/
    globals.css       # CSS variables

Core Utility

// lib/utils.ts
import { type ClassValue, clsx } from 'clsx';
import { twMerge } from 'tailwind-merge';

export function cn(...inputs: ClassValue[]) {
  return twMerge(clsx(inputs));
}

Button

npx shadcn@latest add button

import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';

// Variants
<Button variant="default">Default</Button>
<Button variant="destructive">Destructive</Button>
<Button variant="outline">Outline</Button>
<Button variant="secondary">Secondary</Button>
<Button variant="ghost">Ghost</Button>
<Button variant="link">Link</Button>

// Sizes
<Button size="default">Default</Button>
<Button size="sm">Small</Button>
<Button size="lg">Large</Button>
<Button size="icon"><IconPlus /></Button>

// States
<Button disabled>Disabled</Button>
<Button asChild>
  <Link href="/about">As Link</Link>
</Button>

// With loading state
<Button disabled={isLoading}>
  {isLoading && <Loader2 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />}
  Submit
</Button>

Card

npx shadcn@latest add card

import {
  Card,
  CardContent,
  CardDescription,
  CardFooter,
  CardHeader,
  CardTitle,
} from '@/components/ui/card';

<Card>
  <CardHeader>
    <CardTitle>Card Title</CardTitle>
    <CardDescription>Card description goes here.</CardDescription>
  </CardHeader>
  <CardContent>
    <p>Card content</p>
  </CardContent>
  <CardFooter>
    <Button>Action</Button>
  </CardFooter>
</Card>

Form

npx shadcn@latest add form input label

import { zodResolver } from '@hookform/resolvers/zod';
import { useForm } from 'react-hook-form';
import { z } from 'zod';

import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
import {
  Form,
  FormControl,
  FormDescription,
  FormField,
  FormItem,
  FormLabel,
  FormMessage,
} from '@/components/ui/form';
import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';

const formSchema = z.object({
  username: z.string().min(2).max(50),
  email: z.string().email(),
});

type FormValues = z.infer<typeof formSchema>;

function ProfileForm() {
  const form = useForm<FormValues>({
    resolver: zodResolver(formSchema),
    defaultValues: {
      username: '',
      email: '',
    },
  });

  function onSubmit(values: FormValues) {
    console.log(values);
  }

  return (
    <Form {...form}>
      <form onSubmit={form.handleSubmit(onSubmit)} className="space-y-6">
        <FormField
          control={form.control}
          name="username"
          render={({ field }) => (
            <FormItem>
              <FormLabel>Username</FormLabel>
              <FormControl>
                <Input placeholder="johndoe" {...field} />
              </FormControl>
              <FormDescription>
                Your public display name.
              </FormDescription>
              <FormMessage />
            </FormItem>
          )}
        />

        <FormField
          control={form.control}
          name="email"
          render={({ field }) => (
            <FormItem>
              <FormLabel>Email</FormLabel>
              <FormControl>
                <Input type="email" placeholder="john@example.com" {...field} />
              </FormControl>
              <FormMessage />
            </FormItem>
          )}
        />

        <Button type="submit">Submit</Button>
      </form>
    </Form>
  );
}

Dialog

npx shadcn@latest add dialog

import {
  Dialog,
  DialogContent,
  DialogDescription,
  DialogFooter,
  DialogHeader,
  DialogTitle,
  DialogTrigger,
  DialogClose,
} from '@/components/ui/dialog';

<Dialog>
  <DialogTrigger asChild>
    <Button variant="outline">Open Dialog</Button>
  </DialogTrigger>
  <DialogContent className="sm:max-w-[425px]">
    <DialogHeader>
      <DialogTitle>Edit Profile</DialogTitle>
      <DialogDescription>
        Make changes to your profile here.
      </DialogDescription>
    </DialogHeader>
    <div className="grid gap-4 py-4">
      <Input placeholder="Name" />
    </div>
    <DialogFooter>
      <DialogClose asChild>
        <Button variant="outline">Cancel</Button>
      </DialogClose>
      <Button type="submit">Save changes</Button>
    </DialogFooter>
  </DialogContent>
</Dialog>

Controlled Dialog

function ControlledDialog() {
  const [open, setOpen] = useState(false);

  return (
    <Dialog open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
      <DialogTrigger asChild>
        <Button>Open</Button>
      </DialogTrigger>
      <DialogContent>
        <DialogHeader>
          <DialogTitle>Confirm Action</DialogTitle>
        </DialogHeader>
        <DialogFooter>
          <Button onClick={() => setOpen(false)}>Cancel</Button>
          <Button
            onClick={() => {
              handleAction();
              setOpen(false);
            }}
          >
            Confirm
          </Button>
        </DialogFooter>
      </DialogContent>
    </Dialog>
  );
}

Select

npx shadcn@latest add select

import {
  Select,
  SelectContent,
  SelectGroup,
  SelectItem,
  SelectLabel,
  SelectTrigger,
  SelectValue,
} from '@/components/ui/select';

<Select>
  <SelectTrigger className="w-[180px]">
    <SelectValue placeholder="Select a fruit" />
  </SelectTrigger>
  <SelectContent>
    <SelectGroup>
      <SelectLabel>Fruits</SelectLabel>
      <SelectItem value="apple">Apple</SelectItem>
      <SelectItem value="banana">Banana</SelectItem>
      <SelectItem value="orange">Orange</SelectItem>
    </SelectGroup>
  </SelectContent>
</Select>

// Controlled
const [value, setValue] = useState('');

<Select value={value} onValueChange={setValue}>
  {/* ... */}
</Select>

DropdownMenu

npx shadcn@latest add dropdown-menu

import {
  DropdownMenu,
  DropdownMenuContent,
  DropdownMenuItem,
  DropdownMenuLabel,
  DropdownMenuSeparator,
  DropdownMenuShortcut,
  DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from '@/components/ui/dropdown-menu';

<DropdownMenu>
  <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
    <Button variant="ghost" size="icon">
      <MoreHorizontal className="h-4 w-4" />
    </Button>
  </DropdownMenuTrigger>
  <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
    <DropdownMenuLabel>Actions</DropdownMenuLabel>
    <DropdownMenuSeparator />
    <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => handleEdit()}>
      Edit
      <DropdownMenuShortcut>Cmd+E</DropdownMenuShortcut>
    </DropdownMenuItem>
    <DropdownMenuItem onClick={() => handleDuplicate()}>
      Duplicate
    </DropdownMenuItem>
    <DropdownMenuSeparator />
    <DropdownMenuItem
      className="text-red-600"
      onClick={() => handleDelete()}
    >
      Delete
      <DropdownMenuShortcut>Cmd+Delete</DropdownMenuShortcut>
    </DropdownMenuItem>
  </DropdownMenuContent>
</DropdownMenu>

Table

npx shadcn@latest add table

import {
  Table,
  TableBody,
  TableCaption,
  TableCell,
  TableHead,
  TableHeader,
  TableRow,
} from '@/components/ui/table';

<Table>
  <TableCaption>A list of recent invoices.</TableCaption>
  <TableHeader>
    <TableRow>
      <TableHead>Invoice</TableHead>
      <TableHead>Status</TableHead>
      <TableHead>Method</TableHead>
      <TableHead className="text-right">Amount</TableHead>
    </TableRow>
  </TableHeader>
  <TableBody>
    {invoices.map((invoice) => (
      <TableRow key={invoice.id}>
        <TableCell className="font-medium">{invoice.id}</TableCell>
        <TableCell>{invoice.status}</TableCell>
        <TableCell>{invoice.method}</TableCell>
        <TableCell className="text-right">{invoice.amount}</TableCell>
      </TableRow>
    ))}
  </TableBody>
</Table>

Toast

npx shadcn@latest add toast

// In layout
import { Toaster } from '@/components/ui/toaster';

export default function Layout({ children }) {
  return (
    <>
      {children}
      <Toaster />
    </>
  );
}

// Usage
import { useToast } from '@/components/ui/use-toast';

function MyComponent() {
  const { toast } = useToast();

  return (
    <Button
      onClick={() => {
        toast({
          title: 'Success!',
          description: 'Your action was completed.',
        });
      }}
    >
      Show Toast
    </Button>
  );
}

// Variants
toast({
  variant: 'destructive',
  title: 'Error',
  description: 'Something went wrong.',
});

toast({
  title: 'Scheduled',
  description: 'Event scheduled for Friday.',
  action: (
    <ToastAction altText="Undo">Undo</ToastAction>
  ),
});

Alert Dialog

npx shadcn@latest add alert-dialog

import {
  AlertDialog,
  AlertDialogAction,
  AlertDialogCancel,
  AlertDialogContent,
  AlertDialogDescription,
  AlertDialogFooter,
  AlertDialogHeader,
  AlertDialogTitle,
  AlertDialogTrigger,
} from '@/components/ui/alert-dialog';

<AlertDialog>
  <AlertDialogTrigger asChild>
    <Button variant="destructive">Delete Account</Button>
  </AlertDialogTrigger>
  <AlertDialogContent>
    <AlertDialogHeader>
      <AlertDialogTitle>Are you absolutely sure?</AlertDialogTitle>
      <AlertDialogDescription>
        This action cannot be undone. This will permanently delete your
        account and remove your data from our servers.
      </AlertDialogDescription>
    </AlertDialogHeader>
    <AlertDialogFooter>
      <AlertDialogCancel>Cancel</AlertDialogCancel>
      <AlertDialogAction onClick={handleDelete}>
        Yes, delete account
      </AlertDialogAction>
    </AlertDialogFooter>
  </AlertDialogContent>
</AlertDialog>

Theming

CSS Variables

/* globals.css */
@layer base {
  :root {
    --background: 0 0% 100%;
    --foreground: 222.2 84% 4.9%;
    --card: 0 0% 100%;
    --card-foreground: 222.2 84% 4.9%;
    --popover: 0 0% 100%;
    --popover-foreground: 222.2 84% 4.9%;
    --primary: 222.2 47.4% 11.2%;
    --primary-foreground: 210 40% 98%;
    --secondary: 210 40% 96.1%;
    --secondary-foreground: 222.2 47.4% 11.2%;
    --muted: 210 40% 96.1%;
    --muted-foreground: 215.4 16.3% 46.9%;
    --accent: 210 40% 96.1%;
    --accent-foreground: 222.2 47.4% 11.2%;
    --destructive: 0 84.2% 60.2%;
    --destructive-foreground: 210 40% 98%;
    --border: 214.3 31.8% 91.4%;
    --input: 214.3 31.8% 91.4%;
    --ring: 222.2 84% 4.9%;
    --radius: 0.5rem;
  }

  .dark {
    --background: 222.2 84% 4.9%;
    --foreground: 210 40% 98%;
    /* ... other dark mode values */
  }
}

Custom Colors

// tailwind.config.ts
export default {
  theme: {
    extend: {
      colors: {
        brand: {
          DEFAULT: 'hsl(var(--brand))',
          foreground: 'hsl(var(--brand-foreground))',
        },
      },
    },
  },
};

/* globals.css */
:root {
  --brand: 262.1 83.3% 57.8%;
  --brand-foreground: 210 40% 98%;
}

Customizing Components

Extending Variants

// components/ui/button.tsx
const buttonVariants = cva(
  'inline-flex items-center justify-center...',
  {
    variants: {
      variant: {
        default: '...',
        destructive: '...',
        // Add custom variant
        success:
          'bg-green-500 text-white hover:bg-green-600',
      },
      size: {
        default: 'h-10 px-4 py-2',
        sm: 'h-9 rounded-md px-3',
        lg: 'h-11 rounded-md px-8',
        // Add custom size
        xl: 'h-14 rounded-lg px-10 text-lg',
      },
    },
  }
);

// Usage
<Button variant="success" size="xl">Big Success</Button>

Creating Compound Components

// components/stat-card.tsx
import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
import { cn } from '@/lib/utils';

interface StatCardProps {
  title: string;
  value: string | number;
  description?: string;
  trend?: 'up' | 'down';
  className?: string;
}

export function StatCard({
  title,
  value,
  description,
  trend,
  className,
}: StatCardProps) {
  return (
    <Card className={cn('', className)}>
      <CardHeader className="pb-2">
        <CardTitle className="text-sm font-medium text-muted-foreground">
          {title}
        </CardTitle>
      </CardHeader>
      <CardContent>
        <div className="text-2xl font-bold">{value}</div>
        {description && (
          <p
            className={cn(
              'text-xs',
              trend === 'up' && 'text-green-600',
              trend === 'down' && 'text-red-600',
              !trend && 'text-muted-foreground'
            )}
          >
            {description}
          </p>
        )}
      </CardContent>
    </Card>
  );
}

Dark Mode

// components/theme-toggle.tsx
'use client';

import { Moon, Sun } from 'lucide-react';
import { useTheme } from 'next-themes';
import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';

export function ThemeToggle() {
  const { setTheme, theme } = useTheme();

  return (
    <Button
      variant="ghost"
      size="icon"
      onClick={() => setTheme(theme === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light')}
    >
      <Sun className="h-5 w-5 rotate-0 scale-100 transition-all dark:-rotate-90 dark:scale-0" />
      <Moon className="absolute h-5 w-5 rotate-90 scale-0 transition-all dark:rotate-0 dark:scale-100" />
      <span className="sr-only">Toggle theme</span>
    </Button>
  );
}

Best Practices

1. Copy, don't import - Own your components
2. Use CSS variables - For consistent theming
3. Leverage cn() - For conditional classes
4. Keep accessibility - Don't remove ARIA attributes
5. Customize locally - Modify copied components as needed

Common Mistakes

Mistake	Fix
Importing from npm	Use local components
Removing accessibility	Keep Radix primitives
Over-customizing	Start with defaults
Ignoring dark mode	Test both themes
Hardcoded colors	Use CSS variables

Reference Files

• references/components.md - All component patterns
• references/theming.md - Advanced theming
• references/accessibility.md - A11y patterns