Blazor Component Model

Render Modes (.NET 10 Blazor Web App)

The unified Blazor Web App model supports four render modes:

Static Server-Side Rendering (SSR)

• Default mode, no @rendermode directive
• HTML rendered on server, sent as static HTML
• No interactivity (no event handlers)
• Best for: content pages, SEO-critical pages, fast initial load

@page "/about"
@attribute [StreamRendering]  @* Enable streaming for async data *@

<h1>About Us</h1>
<p>@_content</p>

@code {
    private string? _content;
    protected override async Task OnInitializedAsync()
    {
        _content = await ContentService.GetAboutAsync();
    }
}

Interactive Server

• @rendermode InteractiveServer
• Uses SignalR WebSocket connection
• Server processes UI events, sends diffs to client
• Best for: admin dashboards, real-time data, forms with server validation

Interactive WebAssembly

• @rendermode InteractiveWebAssembly
• .NET runtime runs in browser via WebAssembly
• No server connection needed after initial download
• Best for: offline-capable apps, client-heavy processing

Interactive Auto

• @rendermode InteractiveAuto
• First render uses Server mode (fast start)
• Switches to WebAssembly once runtime is downloaded
• Best for: public apps needing both fast start and offline capability

Component Lifecycle

Constructor → SetParametersAsync → OnInitialized[Async] → OnParametersSet[Async]
    → BuildRenderTree → OnAfterRender[Async](firstRender: true)

Parameter change → SetParametersAsync → OnParametersSet[Async]
    → BuildRenderTree → OnAfterRender[Async](firstRender: false)

Disposal → Dispose/DisposeAsync

Key Rules

• OnInitializedAsync runs once - use for initial data loading
• OnParametersSetAsync runs on every parameter change - use for dependent data
• OnAfterRenderAsync runs after DOM update - use for JS interop
• Always check firstRender in OnAfterRenderAsync to avoid duplicate JS calls

Component Communication

Parent to Child (Parameters)

@* Parent *@
<ChildComponent Title="Hello" Items="@_items" OnDelete="HandleDelete" />

@* Child *@
@code {
    [Parameter] public string Title { get; set; } = "";
    [Parameter] public List<Item> Items { get; set; } = [];
    [Parameter] public EventCallback<int> OnDelete { get; set; }
}

Child to Parent (EventCallback)

@* Child *@
<button @onclick="() => OnDelete.InvokeAsync(item.Id)">Delete</button>

Cascading Values (ancestor to all descendants)

@* Layout or parent *@
<CascadingValue Value="@_theme" Name="AppTheme">
    @Body
</CascadingValue>

@* Any descendant *@
@code {
    [CascadingParameter(Name = "AppTheme")] public Theme? Theme { get; set; }
}

State Container (cross-component via DI)

public sealed class AppState
{
    public event Action? OnChange;
    private int _count;
    public int Count => _count;
    public void Increment()
    {
        _count++;
        OnChange?.Invoke();
    }
}
// Register as Scoped (Server) or Singleton (WASM)

Forms and Validation

<EditForm Model="@_model" OnValidSubmit="HandleSubmit" FormName="my-form">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />

    <InputText @bind-Value="_model.Name" />
    <ValidationMessage For="@(() => _model.Name)" />

    <InputNumber @bind-Value="_model.Quantity" />
    <InputDate @bind-Value="_model.DueDate" />
    <InputSelect @bind-Value="_model.Category">
        @foreach (var cat in _categories)
        {
            <option value="@cat">@cat</option>
        }
    </InputSelect>

    <button type="submit">Save</button>
</EditForm>

Razor Directive Ordering Convention (from official docs)

@page "/doctor-who-episodes/{season:int}"
@rendermode InteractiveWebAssembly
@using System.Globalization
@using BlazorSample.Components.Layout
@attribute [Authorize]
@implements IAsyncDisposable
@inject IJSRuntime JS
@inject ILogger<DoctorWhoEpisodes> Logger

<PageTitle>Doctor Who Episode List</PageTitle>

Prerendering Control (from official docs)

@* Disable prerender for specific component *@
@rendermode @(new InteractiveServerRenderMode(prerender: false))

@* Disable for entire app in App.razor *@
<Routes @rendermode="new InteractiveServerRenderMode(prerender: false)" />

@* Handle client-only services during prerender *@
@code {
    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        // Check if service exists (null during server prerender)
        if (Services.GetService<IWebAssemblyHostEnvironment>() is { } env)
            environmentName = env.Environment;
    }
}

State Management (from official docs)

// State container service
public class StateContainer
{
    private string? savedString;
    public string Property
    {
        get => savedString ?? string.Empty;
        set { savedString = value; NotifyStateChanged(); }
    }
    public event Action? OnChange;
    private void NotifyStateChanged() => OnChange?.Invoke();
}

// Register: AddScoped (Server), AddSingleton (WASM)

@implements IDisposable
@inject StateContainer StateContainer

<p>@StateContainer.Property</p>

@code {
    protected override void OnInitialized() =>
        StateContainer.OnChange += StateHasChanged;

    public void Dispose() =>
        StateContainer.OnChange -= StateHasChanged;
}

Component Naming Conventions (from official docs)

• Component names must start with uppercase: ProductDetail.razor (not productDetail.razor)
• File paths use PascalCase: Components/Pages/ProductDetail.razor
• Routable URLs use kebab-case: @page "/product-detail"
• Namespace resolution: @namespace directive > RootNamespace in csproj > project namespace + folder path

Partial Class Pattern (from official docs)

@* CounterPartialClass.razor *@
@page "/counter-partial-class"
<button @onclick="IncrementCount">Click me</button>
<p>Count: @currentCount</p>

// CounterPartialClass.razor.cs
namespace BlazorSample.Components.Pages;
public partial class CounterPartialClass
{
    private int currentCount = 0;
    private void IncrementCount() => currentCount++;
}

Key Patterns

• Use @key on repeated elements for efficient diffing
• Use <Virtualize> for large lists (renders only visible items)
• Use [SupplyParameterFromQuery] for query string binding
• Use [SupplyParameterFromForm] for form model binding in SSR
• Use NavigationManager.NavigateTo() for programmatic navigation
• Use IDisposable to unsubscribe from events
• Use ErrorBoundary to catch component-level errors gracefully
• Component names must start uppercase (enforced by compiler)
• Use partial classes to separate markup from logic