algolia-rate-limits

Algolia Rate Limits

Overview

Algolia has two distinct rate limiting mechanisms: per-API-key limits (configurable, returns HTTP 429) and server-side indexing limits (protects cluster stability, returns HTTP 429 with specific messages). The algoliasearch v5 client has built-in retry with backoff, but you need to handle sustained rate limiting yourself.

How Algolia Rate Limiting Works

Per-API-Key Rate Limits

Setting	Default	Where to Change
maxQueriesPerIPPerHour	0 (unlimited)	Dashboard > API Keys > Edit
maxHitsPerQuery	1000	Dashboard > API Keys > Edit
Search requests	Plan-dependent	Upgrade plan

Server-Side Indexing Limits

When the indexing queue is overloaded, Algolia returns 429 with these messages:

Message	Meaning	Action
Too many jobs	Queue full	Reduce batch frequency
Job queue too large	Too much pending work	Wait for queue to drain
Old jobs on the queue	Stuck tasks	Check dashboard > Indices > Operations
Disk almost full	Record quota near limit	Delete unused records or upgrade

Instructions

Step 1: Configure Per-Key Rate Limits

import { algoliasearch } from 'algoliasearch';

const client = algoliasearch(process.env.ALGOLIA_APP_ID!, process.env.ALGOLIA_ADMIN_KEY!);

// Create a rate-limited API key for frontend use
const { key } = await client.addApiKey({
  apiKey: {
    acl: ['search'],
    description: 'Frontend search key — rate limited',
    maxQueriesPerIPPerHour: 1000,  // Per user IP
    maxHitsPerQuery: 20,
    indexes: ['products'],          // Restrict to specific indices
    validity: 0,                    // 0 = never expires
  },
});
console.log(`Created rate-limited key: ${key}`);

Step 2: Implement Backoff for Sustained 429s

import { ApiError } from 'algoliasearch';

async function withBackoff<T>(
  operation: () => Promise<T>,
  config = { maxRetries: 5, baseDelayMs: 1000, maxDelayMs: 30000 }
): Promise<T> {
  for (let attempt = 0; attempt <= config.maxRetries; attempt++) {
    try {
      return await operation();
    } catch (error) {
      if (attempt === config.maxRetries) throw error;

      // Only retry on 429 or 5xx
      if (error instanceof ApiError) {
        if (error.status !== 429 && error.status < 500) throw error;
      }

      // Exponential backoff with jitter
      const delay = Math.min(
        config.baseDelayMs * Math.pow(2, attempt) + Math.random() * 500,
        config.maxDelayMs
      );
      console.warn(`Rate limited (attempt ${attempt + 1}). Retrying in ${delay.toFixed(0)}ms`);
      await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, delay));
    }
  }
  throw new Error('Unreachable');
}

// Usage
const { hits } = await withBackoff(() =>
  client.searchSingleIndex({ indexName: 'products', searchParams: { query: 'laptop' } })
);

Step 3: Throttled Batch Indexing

import PQueue from 'p-queue';

// Limit concurrent indexing operations to avoid overloading the queue
const indexingQueue = new PQueue({
  concurrency: 1,       // One batch at a time
  interval: 1000,       // Per second
  intervalCap: 2,       // Max 2 operations per second
});

async function throttledBulkIndex(records: Record<string, any>[]) {
  const BATCH_SIZE = 500;
  const chunks: Record<string, any>[][] = [];
  for (let i = 0; i < records.length; i += BATCH_SIZE) {
    chunks.push(records.slice(i, i + BATCH_SIZE));
  }

  let indexed = 0;
  await Promise.all(
    chunks.map(chunk =>
      indexingQueue.add(async () => {
        const { taskID } = await client.saveObjects({
          indexName: 'products',
          objects: chunk,
        });
        await client.waitForTask({ indexName: 'products', taskID });
        indexed += chunk.length;
        console.log(`Indexed ${indexed}/${records.length}`);
      })
    )
  );
}

Step 4: Monitor Usage Approaching Limits

// Check current API key usage via the dashboard or programmatically
async function checkKeyUsage(apiKey: string) {
  const keyInfo = await client.getApiKey({ key: apiKey });

  console.log({
    description: keyInfo.description,
    maxQueriesPerIPPerHour: keyInfo.maxQueriesPerIPPerHour,
    acl: keyInfo.acl,
    indexes: keyInfo.indexes,
  });
}

// Check record count vs plan limit
async function checkRecordUsage() {
  const { items } = await client.listIndices();
  const totalRecords = items.reduce((sum, idx) => sum + (idx.entries || 0), 0);
  console.log(`Total records across all indices: ${totalRecords.toLocaleString()}`);
}

Error Handling

Scenario	Detection	Response
Burst spike (429)	ApiError with status 429	Built-in retry handles it; add backoff for persistence
Sustained overload	Repeated 429s across minutes	Reduce batch size and frequency
Indexing queue full	429 with "Too many jobs"	Pause indexing, wait for queue drain
Plan limit reached	429 with quota message	Upgrade plan or reduce record count

Resources

• API Key Rate Limiting
• Indexing Rate Limits
• p-queue

Next Steps

For security configuration, see algolia-security-basics.