Orchestrating Multi-Agent Systems

Overview

Design and implement multi-agent systems using AI SDK v5 with structured handoffs, intelligent routing, and coordinated workflows across AI providers. This skill covers agent role definition, tool scoping, inter-agent delegation via handoff rules, and workflow orchestration patterns including coordinator-worker and supervisor topologies.

Prerequisites

• Node.js 18+ and TypeScript 5.0+ runtime
• AI SDK v5 (npm install ai @ai-sdk/openai @ai-sdk/anthropic @ai-sdk/google)
• API keys for target providers set in environment variables (OPENAI_API_KEY, ANTHROPIC_API_KEY, GOOGLE_GENERATIVE_AI_API_KEY)
• Zod for input/output schema validation (npm install zod)
• Familiarity with agent-based architecture patterns (coordinator, pipeline, broadcast)

Instructions

1. Initialize a TypeScript project with tsconfig.json targeting ES2022 and moduleResolution bundler
2. Install AI SDK v5 core and provider packages for each model backend required
3. Define agent roles by creating separate modules per agent, each with a system prompt, model binding, and scoped tool set
4. Implement tool functions using ai.tool() with Zod input/output schemas for type-safe execution
5. Configure handoff rules using ai.handoff() to delegate tasks between agents with clear trigger conditions and context passing
6. Build routing logic that classifies incoming requests by topic or intent and dispatches to the appropriate specialist agent
7. Wire agents into a workflow using sequential, parallel, or conditional orchestration patterns
8. Add state management to persist context across multi-step workflows using a shared context object or external store
9. Implement circuit breakers and timeout guards to prevent workflow deadlocks
10. Test each agent in isolation, then validate end-to-end handoff chains with representative inputs

See ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/references/implementation.md for the detailed implementation guide.

Output

• TypeScript agent modules with AI SDK v5 provider bindings and system prompts
• Tool definitions with Zod-validated input/output schemas
• Handoff configuration mapping agent-to-agent delegation triggers
• Workflow orchestration files defining sequential, parallel, and conditional execution paths
• Routing classifier that maps user intents to specialist agents
• Integration test suite covering handoff chains and fallback paths

Error Handling

Error	Cause	Solution
Provider configuration invalid	Missing or malformed API key in environment	Verify process.env.*_API_KEY values; check provider SDK version compatibility
Circular handoff detected	Agent A hands off to B which hands back to A	Implement handoff depth counter; set maxHandoffDepth and add a fallback terminal agent
Task routed to no agent	Routing classifier returned no match for input	Add a default catch-all route; improve classifier training data or keyword coverage
Tool access violation	Agent invoked a tool outside its scoped permission set	Review tools array per agent; ensure tool names match registered definitions exactly
Workflow timeout	Multi-step workflow exceeded deadline without completion	Set per-step timeouts with AbortController; add workflow-level deadline and partial-result handling

See ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/references/errors.md for the full error reference.

Examples

Scenario 1: Customer Support Triage -- A coordinator agent classifies incoming tickets as billing, technical, or general. Billing queries hand off to a specialist agent with access to Stripe tools. Technical queries route to a code-analysis agent with filesystem read tools. Resolution rate target: 85% automated within 3 handoff steps.

Scenario 2: Research Pipeline -- A sequential workflow chains a web-search agent, a summarization agent, and a report-writer agent. Each agent produces structured JSON output consumed by the next. The pipeline processes 50 research queries per batch with a p95 latency under 30 seconds per query.

Scenario 3: Code Review Multi-Agent -- A supervisor agent distributes pull request diffs to specialized reviewers (security, performance, style). Each reviewer returns findings with severity scores. The supervisor aggregates results into a unified review with prioritized action items.

See ${CLAUDE_SKILL_DIR}/references/examples.md for additional examples.

Resources

• AI SDK v5 Documentation -- agent creation, tool definitions, handoffs
• Zod Schema Library -- input/output validation for tools and flows
• Provider integration guides: OpenAI, Anthropic, Google Gemini
• Coordinator-worker and supervisor orchestration pattern references
• OpenTelemetry tracing for multi-agent observability