groom-backlog

Groom the backlog at $ARGUMENTS.

Follow every step below in order. Do not skip steps.

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Step 1: Locate and Ingest the Backlog

If the argument is a file path, read it. If the argument is "current" or a directory:

1. Search for issue trackers: grep -r "TODO\|FIXME\|HACK\|XXX" across the codebase
2. Look for backlog files: *.md files containing "backlog", "roadmap", "issues", or "tasks"
3. Check for GitHub issues if a .git remote is configured: parse git remote -v

Collect every backlog item into a working list. Each item needs: title, description (if available), current status, last activity date, any existing priority or labels.

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Step 2: Audit and Classify Every Item

Classify each item into exactly one of four categories. Apply these criteria strictly — do not give items the benefit of the doubt.

Ready

All of the following must be true:

• Has specific, verifiable acceptance criteria (not just a title)
• Is small enough to complete in one sprint (1-2 weeks of focused work)
• Dependencies are identified and either resolved or have a clear path to resolution
• The "why" is clear — you can explain who benefits and how
• No open questions that would block implementation

Needs Refinement

Any of the following is true:

• Title only, no description or acceptance criteria
• Too large: involves multiple independent deliverables bundled together
• Vague acceptance criteria ("should work well", "needs to be fast")
• Missing information about who the user is or what the success criteria are
• Has unvalidated assumptions baked in

Stale

Any of the following is true:

• No activity or discussion in 30+ days AND no one has asked for it
• The problem it describes has been solved by other work
• The context has changed enough that the original framing is no longer relevant
• It was a speculative idea that never gained traction
• It references systems, APIs, or designs that no longer exist

Blocked

All of the following are true:

• The item is otherwise well-defined (would be "Ready" if not blocked)
• There is a specific, identifiable blocker: a dependency on another team, an unanswered question from a stakeholder, a technical prerequisite that is not yet in place
• The blocker is not something the team can resolve unilaterally

Anti-pattern: Do not classify vague items as "Blocked." An item that says "Build analytics dashboard" with no further detail is "Needs Refinement," not "Blocked." Blocked means there is a specific external impediment.

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Step 3: Refine Items That Need It

For each item classified as "Needs Refinement," perform all applicable refinement actions:

Break down large items

Apply the INVEST criteria:

• Independent: Can be delivered without other items
• Negotiable: The approach is flexible, the outcome is fixed
• Valuable: Delivers user-visible value on its own
• Estimable: Small enough to estimate with reasonable confidence
• Small: Completable in one sprint
• Testable: Has verifiable acceptance criteria

If an item fails the "Small" or "Independent" test, split it. Each child item must independently deliver value — do not create items like "Build backend for X" and "Build frontend for X." Instead, split by user behaviour: "User can create X" and "User can filter X by date."

Add acceptance criteria

Write acceptance criteria that pass the ISC Splitting Test:

• Independent: Each criterion is verifiable on its own
• Small: Each criterion tests one behaviour
• Complete: Each criterion specifies boundary conditions

Identify dependencies

For each item, list:

• What must exist before this can start (prerequisite)
• What other items interact with this (related)
• What external teams or systems are involved (external dependency)

Estimate size

Use t-shirt sizes based on complexity AND uncertainty:

Size	Complexity	Uncertainty	Typical duration
S	Well-understood, similar to past work	Low — we have done this before	1-3 days
M	Moderate complexity, some new territory	Medium — some unknowns but manageable	3-5 days
L	High complexity or significant new territory	High — meaningful unknowns to resolve	1-2 weeks
XL	Too large — must be broken down	N/A	N/A — split this item

Any item sized as XL must be broken down before it can be scheduled. This is not optional.

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Step 4: RICE Score Every Ready Item

Calculate a RICE score for every item classified as "Ready" (including items that were refined into "Ready" in Step 3).

Scoring Guide

Reach — How many users/accounts will this affect per quarter?

• Use real numbers from analytics when available
• If estimating, state the assumption explicitly
• Count the number of users who will encounter the relevant workflow, not total users

Impact — How much does this improve the affected users' experience?

Score	Meaning	Example
3	Massive	Eliminates a multi-step manual process entirely
2	High	Significantly reduces time/effort for a common task
1	Medium	Noticeable improvement, users would appreciate it
0.5	Low	Minor convenience, nice-to-have
0.25	Minimal	Cosmetic or very edge-case improvement

Confidence — How sure are we about the Reach and Impact estimates?

Score	Meaning	Basis
100%	High	Direct user data, support ticket volume, analytics
80%	Medium	User interviews, strong signals, analogous data
50%	Low	Gut feel, untested hypothesis, no data

Effort — Person-weeks across all disciplines (design + eng + QA)

• Include time for design, implementation, code review, QA, and deployment
• Round up to the nearest 0.5 weeks
• If uncertain, use the higher estimate

Formula: RICE = (Reach x Impact x Confidence) / Effort

Interpretation

• Score > 10: Strong candidate for next sprint
• Score 5-10: Good candidate, schedule when capacity allows
• Score 1-5: Moderate value, consider batching with related work
• Score < 1: Question whether this is worth doing at all

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Step 5: Dependency Mapping

Create a dependency map showing which items block or are blocked by other items.

Format:

[Item A] --depends on--> [Item B]
[Item C] --depends on--> [Item A]
[Item D] (no dependencies — can start immediately)

Flag any dependency cycles — these indicate a scoping problem that needs to be resolved before scheduling.

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Step 6: Recommend Actions

Produce four lists:

Schedule Next (prioritised)

Items that are Ready, ordered by RICE score descending. Include the RICE score and size estimate for each.

Refine Before Scheduling

Items that need more work before they can be scheduled. For each, list the specific questions that need answers or the refinement that is needed.

Recommend for Closure

Stale items with a one-sentence rationale for closing each. Be direct — "No activity in 90 days and the problem was addressed by [other item]" is sufficient.

Blocked — Escalation Needed

Items that cannot proceed without external action. For each, state: who needs to act, what they need to do, and what the consequence of delay is.

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Output Format

Present the groomed backlog as a structured document:

# Backlog Grooming Summary — [Date]

## Overview
- Total items reviewed: N
- Ready to schedule: N
- Needs refinement: N
- Recommended for closure: N
- Blocked: N

## 1. Schedule Next (by RICE priority)

| Priority | Item | RICE | Size | Dependencies | Notes |
|----------|------|------|------|-------------|-------|
| 1 | ... | 15.2 | S | None | ... |
| 2 | ... | 12.0 | M | Item 1 | ... |

## 2. Needs Refinement

| Item | Issue | Action needed |
|------|-------|--------------|
| ... | Missing AC | Write acceptance criteria; clarify scope with [owner] |

## 3. Recommended for Closure

| Item | Reason |
|------|--------|
| ... | Superseded by [other item], no activity since [date] |

## 4. Blocked — Escalation Needed

| Item | Blocker | Who | Impact of delay |
|------|---------|-----|----------------|
| ... | API contract not finalised | Platform team | Delays 3 downstream items |

Write the output to a file if the backlog is file-based. Otherwise, present it directly.

Related Skills

• /product-owner:write-user-story — expand high-priority backlog items into detailed user stories with acceptance criteria.