Chunking Strategy for RAG Systems

Overview

Implement optimal chunking strategies for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems and document processing pipelines. This skill provides a comprehensive framework for breaking large documents into smaller, semantically meaningful segments that preserve context while enabling efficient retrieval and search.

When to Use

Use this skill when building RAG systems, optimizing vector search performance, implementing document processing pipelines, handling multi-modal content, or performance-tuning existing RAG systems with poor retrieval quality.

Instructions

Choose Chunking Strategy

Select appropriate chunking strategy based on document type and use case:

1. Fixed-Size Chunking (Level 1)

   • Use for simple documents without clear structure
   • Start with 512 tokens and 10-20% overlap
   • Adjust size based on query type: 256 for factoid, 1024 for analytical

2. Recursive Character Chunking (Level 2)

   • Use for documents with clear structural boundaries
   • Implement hierarchical separators: paragraphs → sentences → words
   • Customize separators for document types (HTML, Markdown)

3. Structure-Aware Chunking (Level 3)

   • Use for structured documents (Markdown, code, tables, PDFs)
   • Preserve semantic units: functions, sections, table blocks
   • Validate structure preservation post-splitting

4. Semantic Chunking (Level 4)

   • Use for complex documents with thematic shifts
   • Implement embedding-based boundary detection
   • Configure similarity threshold (0.8) and buffer size (3-5 sentences)

5. Advanced Methods (Level 5)

   • Use Late Chunking for long-context embedding models
   • Apply Contextual Retrieval for high-precision requirements
   • Monitor computational costs vs. retrieval improvements

Reference detailed strategy implementations in references/strategies.md.

Implement Chunking Pipeline

Follow these steps to implement effective chunking:

1. Pre-process documents

   • Analyze document structure and content types
   • Identify multi-modal content (tables, images, code)
   • Assess information density and complexity

2. Select strategy parameters

   • Choose chunk size based on embedding model context window
   • Set overlap percentage (10-20% for most cases)
   • Configure strategy-specific parameters

3. Process and validate

   • Apply chosen chunking strategy
   • Validate semantic coherence of chunks
   • Test with representative documents

4. Evaluate and iterate

   • Measure retrieval precision and recall
   • Monitor processing latency and resource usage
   • Optimize based on specific use case requirements

Reference detailed implementation guidelines in references/implementation.md.

Evaluate Performance

Use these metrics to evaluate chunking effectiveness:

• Retrieval Precision: Fraction of retrieved chunks that are relevant
• Retrieval Recall: Fraction of relevant chunks that are retrieved
• End-to-End Accuracy: Quality of final RAG responses
• Processing Time: Latency impact on overall system
• Resource Usage: Memory and computational costs

Reference detailed evaluation framework in references/evaluation.md.

Examples

Basic Fixed-Size Chunking

from langchain.text_splitter import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter

# Configure for factoid queries
splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(
    chunk_size=256,
    chunk_overlap=25,
    length_function=len
)

chunks = splitter.split_documents(documents)

Structure-Aware Code Chunking

def chunk_python_code(code):
    """Split Python code into semantic chunks"""
    import ast

    tree = ast.parse(code)
    chunks = []

    for node in ast.walk(tree):
        if isinstance(node, (ast.FunctionDef, ast.ClassDef)):
            chunks.append(ast.get_source_segment(code, node))

    return chunks

Semantic Chunking with Embeddings

def semantic_chunk(text, similarity_threshold=0.8):
    """Chunk text based on semantic boundaries"""
    sentences = split_into_sentences(text)
    embeddings = generate_embeddings(sentences)

    chunks = []
    current_chunk = [sentences[0]]

    for i in range(1, len(sentences)):
        similarity = cosine_similarity(embeddings[i-1], embeddings[i])

        if similarity < similarity_threshold:
            chunks.append(" ".join(current_chunk))
            current_chunk = [sentences[i]]
        else:
            current_chunk.append(sentences[i])

    chunks.append(" ".join(current_chunk))
    return chunks

Best Practices

Core Principles

• Balance context preservation with retrieval precision
• Maintain semantic coherence within chunks
• Optimize for embedding model constraints
• Preserve document structure when beneficial

Implementation Guidelines

• Start simple with fixed-size chunking (512 tokens, 10-20% overlap)
• Test thoroughly with representative documents
• Monitor both accuracy metrics and computational costs
• Iterate based on specific document characteristics

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Over-chunking: Creating too many small, context-poor chunks
• Under-chunking: Missing relevant information due to oversized chunks
• Ignoring document structure and semantic boundaries
• Using one-size-fits-all approach for diverse content types
• Neglecting overlap for boundary-crossing information

Constraints

Resource Considerations

• Semantic and contextual methods require significant computational resources
• Late chunking needs long-context embedding models
• Complex strategies increase processing latency
• Monitor memory usage for large document processing

Quality Requirements

• Validate chunk semantic coherence post-processing
• Test with domain-specific documents before deployment
• Ensure chunks maintain standalone meaning where possible
• Implement proper error handling for edge cases

References

Reference detailed documentation in the references/ folder:

• strategies.md - Detailed strategy implementations
• implementation.md - Complete implementation guidelines
• evaluation.md - Performance evaluation framework
• tools.md - Recommended libraries and frameworks
• research.md - Key research papers and findings
• advanced-strategies.md - 11 comprehensive chunking methods
• semantic-methods.md - Semantic and contextual approaches
• visualization-tools.md - Evaluation and visualization tools