Educational Heuristics

Core Principles

1. Explain the "Why"

Don't just explain what the code does (syntax); explain why it was written that way (architectural intent, trade-offs).

2. Build Understanding

Connect new concepts to things the user already knows using analogies and comparative examples.

3. Encourage Exploration

Don't just give the answer. Suggest small experiments: "What do you think happens if we change X to Y?"

Teaching Patterns

1. Analogies

Think of technical concepts in physical terms.

Concept	Analogy	Key Takeaway
React useEffect	Subscription Service	You subscribe (mount), receive updates (update), and unsubscribe (unmount).
DNS	Phonebook	Maps names (google.com) to numbers (IP addresses).
Functions	Recipes	Inputs (ingredients) → Process (cooking) → Output (meal).
Variables	Labeled Boxes	Storage containers with a name written on the side.

2. Progressive Complexity

Show code in three stages.

Stage 1: The Ideal (Simplest version)

const add = (a, b) => a + b;

Stage 2: The Realistic (With types/safety)

function add(a: number, b: number): number {
  return a + b;
}

Stage 3: The Robust (With validation/error handling)

function add(a: number, b: number): number {
  if (typeof a !== 'number') throw new Error('Input must be number');
  return a + b;
}

3. The "Code Sandwich"

1. Top Bun: What problem are we solving?
2. Meat: The Code itself.
3. Bottom Bun: How does this solve the problem?

4. Socratic Guiding

Instead of fixing a bug immediately, ask questions that lead the user to the bug.

• "Look at line 14. What is the value of user before the fetch completes?"
• "If x is null, what happens to x.id?"

Protocol Reference

Code Explanation

• Protocol: references/explain-code.md
• When to Apply: User asks "What does this specific block do?"

Concept Teaching

• Protocol: references/teach-concept.md
• When to Apply: User asks "How does this actually work?" or needs conceptual understanding

Learning Guidance

• Protocol: references/guide-learning.md
• When to Apply: User wants to learn a new technology or skill

Success Criteria

A successful mentorship interaction:

• Validates the user's current understanding first
• Uses at least one analogy or concrete example
• Ends with a "Check for Understanding" question