product-strategy

Product Strategy System

"Strategy is choice, not documentation. If you haven't said no to something, you don't have a strategy."

This skill covers the Strategy System — defining where to play and how to win. It creates the guardrails that make downstream decisions coherent and forces the hard choices most teams avoid.

Related skills: product-discovery, product-architecture, product-delivery, ai-native-product, product-leadership

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When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when:

• Defining or refreshing product strategy
• Creating a 1-page strategy canvas
• Defining ICP and Anti-ICP
• Structuring Jobs to Be Done analysis
• Developing positioning and messaging
• Setting pricing strategy and value metrics
• Planning GTM motion (PLG vs SLG vs Partner)
• Creating strategic bets with hypotheses and kill criteria

Cadence: Quarterly refresh | Owner: Founder/CPO

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Philosophy

Core Beliefs

1. Strategy is choice, not documentation — If you haven't said no to something, you don't have a strategy
2. Pricing belongs in strategy, not GTM — Pricing decisions constrain segments, problems, features, and competition
3. Competitive reality shapes everything — Build easy-to-copy features and wonder why you're not winning
4. Non-goals are as important as goals — What you won't do defines focus
5. Moats are built, not found — Strategy should articulate how you become hard to copy

What This Framework Rejects

• Strategy decks nobody reads
• "We serve everyone" positioning
• Pricing as afterthought
• Ignoring competitive dynamics
• Annual planning fiction
• Strategy without non-goals

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Progress Tracking

Display progress during strategy development:

[████░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░] 25% — Phase 1/4: Market Context & Strategic Intent
[████████░░░░░░░░░░░░] 50% — Phase 2/4: Where to Play & How to Win
[████████████░░░░░░░░] 75% — Phase 3/4: GTM & Positioning
[████████████████████] 100% — Phase 4/4: Strategic Bets & Roadmap

Framework Components

1. Strategic Intent

What it contains:

• Mission: Why you exist (enduring)
• Objective: What winning looks like in 12-24 months (specific, measurable)
• Non-Goals: What you will NOT do, who you will NOT serve, which problems you will NOT solve

Anti-pattern: If your non-goals list is empty, you don't have a strategy.

0→1 Mode: Mission can be rough. Objective is survival: find PMF. Revisit weekly.

Scaling Mode: Mission is refined and externally communicable. Objectives are financial + strategic.

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2. Market & Competitive Reality

What it contains:

Analysis	Purpose
Market Diagnosis	What's broken? Why hasn't it been fixed? What's changing?
5C Analysis	Company, Customers, Competitors, Collaborators, Context
Porter's 5 Forces	Buyer power, supplier power, substitutes, new entrants, rivalry
Value Chain	Where margin is created and captured

Key questions:

• Why do alternatives fail? What's the gap?
• Is this a market where a startup can win?
• Where do value pools exist?
• What creates switching costs?

"If you don't understand competitive dynamics, you'll build features that are easy to copy and wonder why you're not winning."

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3. ICP & Anti-ICP

Ideal Customer Profile contains:

• Company characteristics (size, industry, tech stack)
• User roles (buyer, user, influencer, blocker)
• Problem intensity (how painful?)
• Willingness to pay (can they and will they?)
• Urgency (why now?)

Anti-ICP (equally important):

• Who you explicitly won't serve
• Why (wrong economics, wrong fit, wrong timing)

Segmentation dimensions:

• Pain severity
• Frequency of problem
• Willingness to pay
• Buying process complexity

0→1 Mode: Start with ONE ICP, not segments. Talk to 10-20 people who match.

Scaling Mode: Multiple ICPs with clear prioritization. Segment-specific positioning and pricing.

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4. Jobs to Be Done & Pain

Three job types:

Job Type	Question	Example
Functional	What task are they trying to accomplish?	"Find qualified candidates faster"
Emotional	How do they want to feel?	"Confident in hiring decisions"
Social	How do they want to be perceived?	"Make defensible decisions colleagues respect"

Pain analysis dimensions:

• Severity: How bad is it?
• Frequency: How often does it occur?
• Workarounds: What do they do today?
• Willingness to change: How much friction will they accept?

How to gather:

• Weekly customer interviews (2-3/week minimum during discovery)
• Support ticket analysis
• Win/loss interviews
• Usage data (what they do vs. what they say)

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5. Superpower: Where to Play & How to Win

Where to Play:

• Target segment (specific)
• Core use case / wedge (narrow)
• Geographic focus (if relevant)
• Channel focus (direct, PLG, partner)
• ACV band (what deal sizes?)

How to Win:

• Unique mechanism (what you do differently)
• Moat thesis (why it's hard to copy)
• Proof points (why anyone should believe you)

Moat Categories:

Moat Type	Description
Data moats	Proprietary data that improves with usage
Network effects	Value increases with more users
Switching costs	Pain of leaving exceeds pain of staying
Workflow integration	Embedded in daily habits
Brand/trust	Earned credibility that takes years
Economies of scale	Cost advantages at volume

The Strategic Kernel (Rumelt):

1. Diagnosis: What's the crux challenge?
2. Guiding policy: What's your approach?
3. Coherent actions: What specific actions follow?

Test: If a competitor could read your strategy and easily replicate it, it's not a strategy.

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6. Positioning & Narrative

Positioning Statement Format:

For [ICP]
Who are [frustrated by / need]
Our product is [category]
That [unique promise]
Unlike [alternatives]
We [key differentiator]

Messaging Hierarchy:

• Primary message (10 words)
• Supporting messages (3 pillars)
• Objection handlers (top 5 concerns)

Proof Points:

• Customer evidence (logos, quotes, case studies)
• Metrics evidence (outcomes achieved)
• Credibility evidence (team, investors, partnerships)

0→1 Mode: Positioning is hypothesis. Keep it simple: "We help X do Y." Iterate weekly.

Scaling Mode: Positioning is stable and documented. Consistent across all channels.

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7. Value Creation & Pricing

Value Equation:

Customer Value = (Benefits Gained + Pain Avoided) - (Price + Switching Costs + Risk)

Value Metric Selection Criteria:

• Scales naturally with customer value
• Aligns incentives (you win when they win)
• Simple enough to explain in 30 seconds

Common Value Metrics:

Model	Best For
Per seat	Collaboration tools, team software
Per usage	Infrastructure, API products
Per outcome	Performance marketing, success-based
Per asset	IoT, device management, inventory
Flat fee	Simple products, low variance in value

Packaging Principles:

• Good / Better / Best tiers
• Make expansion natural, not forced
• Don't penalize success
• Price on value, not cost

"Pricing is the most powerful lever in business. Yet most PMs treat it as someone else's problem."

0→1 Mode: Run willingness-to-pay conversations early. Start simple: one price, test the market.

Scaling Mode: Value-based pricing model. Tiered packaging. Pricing experiments.

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8. Go-To-Market Strategy

GTM Motion Selection:

Factor	PLG	SLG
ACV	<$10K	>$10K
Complexity	Low	High
Buyer	User	Executive
Time to value	Minutes	Weeks
Trust required	Low	High

Growth Loops:

• Viral loops: User invites user
• Content loops: User creates content → attracts users
• Ecosystem loops: Integrations → exposure

Key Definitions:

• Activation: What specific action = "activated user"?
• Expansion: How do customers grow with you?

0→1 Mode: Pick ONE GTM motion. Founder-led sales first (even if PLG).

Scaling Mode: Multiple GTM motions by segment. Specialized teams.

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9. Strategic Bets

Bet Format:

Name: [Descriptive name]
Hypothesis: "We believe that [action] will result in [outcome]"
Metric: [How we measure success]
Target: [What number = success]
Timebox: [How long we'll run this]
Kill criteria: [What would cause us to stop]
Scale criteria: [What would cause us to double down]

Bet Categories:

• Value creation bets: New capabilities that solve customer problems
• Growth bets: Acquisition, activation, expansion
• Platform bets: Infrastructure, scalability, efficiency
• Trust bets: Security, performance, compliance
• Moat bets: Building defensibility

Portfolio Balance:

• 70% core (proven, incremental)
• 20% adjacent (related, moderate risk)
• 10% transformational (new, high risk)

Prioritization Principle:

Validate riskiest assumptions first. Don't polish secondary features while your core hypothesis remains unproven.

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Primary Output: 1-Page Strategy Canvas

Every strategy system should produce a single-page canvas that captures all key decisions. See templates/strategy-canvas.md for the full template.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ STRATEGY CANVAS: [Product Name]                                 │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ MISSION: [Why we exist]                                         │
│ OBJECTIVE: [What winning looks like, 12-24 months]              │
├───────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ ICP                       │ ANTI-ICP                            │
├───────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ CORE JOB TO BE DONE: [In customer's words]                      │
├───────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ WHERE TO PLAY             │ HOW TO WIN                          │
├───────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ POSITIONING: [For X, who Y, we are Z, unlike A, we B]           │
├───────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ VALUE METRIC              │ GTM MOTION                          │
├───────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ STRATEGIC BETS (Top 3)                                          │
│ 1. [Bet + Metric + Timebox]                                     │
│ 2. [Bet + Metric + Timebox]                                     │
│ 3. [Bet + Metric + Timebox]                                     │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ NON-GOALS: [What we will NOT do]                                │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

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Templates

This skill includes templates in the templates/ directory:

• strategy-canvas.md — Full 1-page strategy canvas
• icp-scorecard.md — ICP and Anti-ICP definition template
• strategic-bet.md — Bet hypothesis and tracking template
• positioning-statement.md — Positioning and messaging template

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Using This Skill with Claude

Ask Claude to:

1. Create a strategy canvas: "Help me create a 1-page strategy canvas for [product]"
2. Define ICP: "Help me define ICP and Anti-ICP for [product/market]"
3. Analyze competition: "Run a 5 Forces analysis for [market]"
4. Structure JTBD: "Help me map Jobs to Be Done for [persona]"
5. Develop positioning: "Create a positioning statement for [product] vs. [competitors]"
6. Set pricing strategy: "Help me think through value metrics and pricing for [product]"
7. Plan GTM motion: "Should [product] be PLG or SLG? Help me decide."
8. Create strategic bets: "Help me structure 3 strategic bets for [objective]"
9. Identify moats: "What moat opportunities exist for [product]?"
10. Challenge strategy: "Review this strategy canvas and identify gaps or weak choices"

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Connection to Other Skills

When you need to...	Use skill
Validate strategy assumptions with customers	product-discovery
Structure product into blocks and bets	product-architecture
Plan rollout and measurement	product-delivery
Adapt for AI-native products	ai-native-product
Operate as Director/CPO	product-leadership

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Quick Reference: Strategy Quality Checklist

Before finalizing your strategy, verify:

• Non-goals are explicit — You've said no to something meaningful
• ICP is specific — You could name 10 companies that fit
• Anti-ICP exists — You know who you're NOT serving
• Competitive analysis done — You understand why alternatives fail
• Moat thesis articulated — You know what makes you hard to copy
• Pricing is intentional — Value metric chosen, not defaulted
• GTM motion chosen — PLG, SLG, or Partner (not "all of them")
• Bets have kill criteria — You know when to stop
• Fits on one page — If it doesn't, you don't understand it yet

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Sources & Influences

• Richard Rumelt — Good Strategy Bad Strategy, Strategy Kernel
• April Dunford — Obviously Awesome, Positioning
• Marty Cagan — INSPIRED, EMPOWERED
• Teresa Torres — Continuous Discovery Habits
• Gibson Biddle — Product strategy frameworks
• Michael Porter — Competitive Strategy, Five Forces

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