RHDH Dynamic Plugin Export and Package

Purpose

Export and package Backstage plugins as RHDH dynamic plugins for deployment. This skill covers the build, export, and packaging workflow that transforms a developed plugin into a deployable artifact (OCI image, tgz archive, or npm package).

Note: This skill is for exporting and packaging already-implemented plugins. For creating new plugins, use the backend or frontend plugin creation skills first.

When to Use

Use this skill when you need to:

Export a plugin as a dynamic plugin package
Package a plugin as an OCI container image
Create a tgz archive for HTTP distribution
Publish a plugin to a container registry
Bundle multiple plugins into a single image
Generate integrity hashes for package verification
Troubleshoot export or packaging issues

Prerequisites

Before starting, ensure:

Plugin is built and compiles without errors (yarn build)
Container runtime installed (podman or docker)
Access to a container registry (e.g., quay.io) if publishing OCI images
For backend plugins: Uses new backend system with default export
For frontend plugins: Has valid Scalprum configuration (auto-generated if not present)

Workflow Overview

Build Plugin - Compile TypeScript and verify no errors
Export as Dynamic Plugin - Create dist-dynamic/ with RHDH CLI
Package as Artifact - Create OCI image, tgz, or npm package
Push to Registry - Publish to container or npm registry
Verify Locally - Test before deployment (optional)

Step 1: Build Plugin

Before exporting, ensure the plugin builds successfully:

cd plugins/<plugin-id>  # or plugins/<plugin-id>-backend
yarn build
yarn tsc  # Verify no TypeScript errors

Step 2: Export as Dynamic Plugin

Run the RHDH CLI export command from the plugin directory:

npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin export

This creates a dist-dynamic/ directory containing:

Compiled JavaScript optimized for dynamic loading
Modified package.json with peer/bundled dependencies
Config schema (if defined)
For frontend: dist-scalprum/ with webpack federated modules

Export Options

Control Shared Dependencies

By default, all @backstage/* packages are shared (provided by RHDH at runtime). Override this behavior:

# Bundle a @backstage package instead of sharing
npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin export \
  --shared-package '!/@backstage/plugin-notifications/'

# Mark a non-backstage package as shared
npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin export \
  --shared-package @my-org/shared-utils

Embed Packages

Embed workspace or third-party packages into the plugin:

npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin export \
  --embed-package @my-org/plugin-common \
  --embed-package @my-org/utils

Combined Example

npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin export \
  --shared-package '!/@backstage/plugin-notifications/' \
  --embed-package @internal/common-utils

See references/export-options.md for all available options.

Step 3: Package as Artifact

Choose a packaging format based on your deployment needs.

OCI Image (Recommended for Production)

Create a container image:

npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin package \
  --tag quay.io/<namespace>/<plugin-name>:v0.1.0

Specify container tool if needed:

npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin package \
  --container-tool docker \
  --tag quay.io/<namespace>/<plugin-name>:v0.1.0

Available tools: podman (default), docker, buildah

tgz Archive

Create a tar archive for HTTP distribution:

cd dist-dynamic
npm pack

Get the integrity hash:

npm pack --json | jq -r '.[0].integrity'

npm Package

Publish to a private npm registry:

cd dist-dynamic
npm publish --registry https://your-private-registry.com

Multi-Plugin Image

Bundle frontend and backend plugins in one image:

# Export both plugins first
cd plugins/my-plugin && npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin export
cd ../my-plugin-backend && npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin export

# Package together from monorepo root
cd ../..
npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin package \
  --tag quay.io/<namespace>/my-plugin-bundle:v0.1.0

See references/packaging-formats.md for detailed format comparison.

Step 4: Push to Registry

OCI Image

# Podman
podman push quay.io/<namespace>/<plugin-name>:v0.1.0

# Docker
docker push quay.io/<namespace>/<plugin-name>:v0.1.0

Private Registry Authentication

Set the auth file environment variable:

export REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=~/.config/containers/auth.json
# or
export REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE=~/.docker/config.json

Image Digest

After pushing, get the digest for reproducible deployments:

podman inspect --format='{{.Digest}}' quay.io/<namespace>/<plugin-name>:v0.1.0

Use digest in dynamic-plugins.yaml:

plugins:
  - package: oci://quay.io/<namespace>/<plugin-name>@sha256:abc123...!<plugin-id>-dynamic
    disabled: false

Step 5: Verify Locally (Optional)

Test the exported plugin before publishing:

# Copy to local RHDH instance
cp -r dist-dynamic /path/to/rhdh/dynamic-plugins-root/<plugin-id>-dynamic

# Start RHDH and verify plugin loads
yarn workspace backend start

Check logs for:

loaded dynamic backend plugin - Success
Skipping disabled dynamic plugin - Plugin disabled in config
Error messages during initialization

Configuration Examples

Backend Plugin

plugins:
  - package: oci://quay.io/<namespace>/<plugin-name>:v0.1.0!<plugin-id>-backend-dynamic
    disabled: false
    pluginConfig:
      myPlugin:
        apiUrl: https://api.example.com

Frontend Plugin

plugins:
  - package: oci://quay.io/<namespace>/<plugin-name>:v0.1.0!<plugin-id>
    disabled: false
    pluginConfig:
      dynamicPlugins:
        frontend:
          my-org.plugin-my-plugin:
            dynamicRoutes:
              - path: /my-plugin
                importName: MyPage

Multi-Plugin Bundle

plugins:
  # Frontend from bundle
  - package: oci://quay.io/<namespace>/my-bundle:v0.1.0!my-plugin
    disabled: false
    pluginConfig:
      dynamicPlugins:
        frontend:
          my-org.plugin-my-plugin:
            mountPoints:
              - mountPoint: entity.page.overview/cards
                importName: MyCard

  # Backend from same bundle
  - package: oci://quay.io/<namespace>/my-bundle:v0.1.0!my-plugin-backend-dynamic
    disabled: false

See examples/dynamic-plugins.yaml for complete examples.

Troubleshooting

Export Fails

Missing dependencies:

yarn add -D <missing-package>
npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin export

TypeScript errors:

yarn tsc
# Fix errors, then retry export

Clear stale artifacts:

rm -rf dist dist-dynamic
yarn build
npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin export

Package Fails

Container tool not found:

# Specify available tool
npx @red-hat-developer-hub/cli@latest plugin package \
  --container-tool docker \
  --tag quay.io/<namespace>/<plugin-name>:v0.1.0

Permission denied:

# Check registry login
podman login quay.io

Plugin Not Loading in RHDH

Verify package path matches plugin ID
Check version compatibility with target RHDH
Ensure default export exists (backend plugins)
Verify Scalprum name matches (frontend plugins)
Check RHDH logs for specific errors

Integrity Hash Mismatch

Regenerate the hash:

cd dist-dynamic
npm pack --json | jq -r '.[0].integrity'

Update dynamic-plugins.yaml with new hash.

Reference Files

references/export-options.md - All export CLI options
references/packaging-formats.md - Format comparison and best practices
references/integrity-hashes.md - Hash generation and verification

Example Files

examples/dynamic-plugins.yaml - Complete configuration examples