Supabase Local Development

Overview

Supabase Local Development provides a complete local Postgres database with all Supabase services (Auth, Storage, Edge Functions, Realtime) running in Docker containers. This enables offline development, faster iteration, and safe database migrations before deploying to production.

Key benefits:

• Full Supabase stack running locally
• Faster development without network latency
• Safe migration testing before production
• Automatic TypeScript type generation
• Environment variable management

Skill-scoped Context

Official Documentation:

• Local Development Guide: https://supabase.com/docs/guides/local-development
• CLI Getting Started: https://supabase.com/docs/guides/local-development/cli/getting-started
• supabase init: https://supabase.com/docs/reference/cli/supabase-init
• supabase start: https://supabase.com/docs/reference/cli/supabase-start
• supabase status: https://supabase.com/docs/reference/cli/supabase-status
• supabase db: https://supabase.com/docs/reference/cli/supabase-db
• Managing Environments: https://supabase.com/docs/guides/deployment/managing-environments

Prerequisites

Docker Runtime

Supabase local development requires a Docker-compatible container runtime:

• Docker Desktop (macOS, Windows, Linux)
• Rancher Desktop (macOS, Windows, Linux)
• OrbStack (macOS) - Recommended for Apple Silicon
• Podman (macOS, Windows, Linux)

Verify Docker is running:

docker info

Supabase CLI

Install via npm (recommended for Next.js projects):

npm install -g supabase

Or via Homebrew (macOS):

brew install supabase/tap/supabase

Verify installation:

supabase --version

Workflow

Step 1: Initialize Supabase Project

supabase init

This creates a supabase/ directory with:

• config.toml - Local configuration
• seed.sql - Optional seed data
• migrations/ - Database migrations

Step 2: Start Local Services

supabase start

First run downloads Docker images (~2GB). Subsequent starts are faster.

Services started:

Service	Local URL	Purpose
API	http://127.0.0.1:54321	REST/GraphQL API
Studio	http://127.0.0.1:54323	Database UI
Inbucket	http://127.0.0.1:54324	Email testing
Database	postgresql://127.0.0.1:54322	Direct Postgres

Step 3: Get Environment Variables

supabase status -o env

Output:

SUPABASE_URL=http://127.0.0.1:54321
SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=eyJ...
SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY=eyJ...
SUPABASE_DB_URL=postgresql://postgres:postgres@127.0.0.1:54322/postgres

Step 4: Configure Next.js Environment

Add to .env.local:

# Supabase Local Development
NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL=http://127.0.0.1:54321
NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=eyJ...
SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY=eyJ...

Note: NEXT_PUBLIC_ prefix exposes variables to the browser.

Step 5: Generate TypeScript Types

supabase gen types typescript --local > lib/supabase/database.types.ts

Regenerate after schema changes.

Environment Variables

Client-Side (Browser)

Prefix with NEXT_PUBLIC_:

NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL=http://127.0.0.1:54321
NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY=eyJ...

Server-Side Only

No prefix required:

SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY=eyJ...
SUPABASE_DB_URL=postgresql://...

Environment File Detection

Framework	File	Priority
Next.js	.env.local	1st
Next.js	.env.development.local	2nd
Generic	.env	3rd
Cloudflare Workers	dev.vars	Special

Database Migrations

Create Migration from Local Changes

supabase db diff -f migration_name

Apply Migrations Locally

supabase db reset

Push to Remote Database

supabase db push

Link to Remote Project

supabase link --project-ref YOUR_PROJECT_REF

Type Generation

From Local Database

supabase gen types typescript --local > lib/supabase/database.types.ts

From Remote Database

supabase gen types typescript --project-id YOUR_PROJECT_ID > lib/supabase/database.types.ts

Usage in Code

import { createClient } from "@supabase/supabase-js";
import type { Database } from "@/lib/supabase/database.types";

const supabase = createClient<Database>(
  process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL!,
  process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY!
);

Common Commands Reference

Command	Purpose
supabase init	Initialize new project
supabase start	Start local services
supabase stop	Stop local services
supabase status	Show service status
supabase status -o env	Output as environment variables
supabase db reset	Reset database and apply migrations
supabase db diff -f name	Create migration from changes
supabase db push	Push migrations to remote
supabase gen types typescript --local	Generate types from local
supabase link --project-ref REF	Link to remote project

Troubleshooting

Docker Not Running

# macOS - Start Docker Desktop
open -a Docker

# Linux - Start Docker daemon
sudo systemctl start docker

Port Conflicts

If ports are in use:

supabase stop --no-backup
supabase start

Or configure different ports in supabase/config.toml.

Reset Everything

supabase stop --no-backup
supabase start
supabase db reset

Best Practices

DO:

• Always use supabase db diff for migrations
• Regenerate types after schema changes
• Use .env.local for local credentials (gitignored)
• Test migrations locally before pushing to production

DON'T:

• Commit local Supabase credentials
• Modify production database directly
• Skip local testing for migrations
• Use service role key in client-side code