cross-platform-compatibility

Cross-Platform Compatibility

This skill provides guidance for writing code that works correctly on iOS, Android, and web platforms in Expo applications.

Core Principle

Every feature must work on all three platforms (iOS, Android, web) unless explicitly documented otherwise. Test on all platforms before considering a feature complete.

Platform-Specific Approaches

There are two primary ways to handle platform differences:

1. Platform Module (Runtime Checks)

Use Platform.OS for small, inline differences within a single component.

import { Platform } from "react-native";

// Simple conditional
if (Platform.OS === "web") {
  // Web-specific code
}

// Platform.select for multiple platforms
const styles = StyleSheet.create({
  container: {
    ...Platform.select({
      ios: { shadowColor: "#000" },
      android: { elevation: 4 },
      web: { boxShadow: "0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1)" },
    }),
  },
});

2. Platform-Specific File Extensions

Use file extensions when entire components or modules differ significantly between platforms.

Extension	Platforms	Use Case
.web.tsx	Web only	Web-specific implementation
.native.tsx	iOS + Android	Shared native implementation
.ios.tsx	iOS only	iOS-specific implementation
.android.tsx	Android only	Android-specific implementation

Resolution Priority: Metro bundler resolves in this order:

1. .ios.tsx / .android.tsx (most specific)
2. .native.tsx (native platforms)
3. .web.tsx (web platform)
4. .tsx (universal fallback)

Decision Tree: When to Use Each Approach

Need platform-specific behavior?
├── Small differences (styles, one-liner logic)?
│   └── Use Platform.OS or Platform.select()
├── Moderate differences (conditional rendering blocks)?
│   └── Use Platform.OS with clear separation
└── Significant differences (entire component logic)?
    └── Use platform-specific file extensions

Use Platform.OS When:

• Differences are 1-5 lines of code
• Only styles differ between platforms
• Logic is mostly shared with minor variations
• You need to check platform at runtime dynamically

Use File Extensions When:

• Components have fundamentally different implementations
• Different libraries are needed per platform (e.g., dom-to-image for web vs react-native-view-shot for native)
• Layout structure differs significantly
• You want cleaner separation of concerns

File Extension Rules

Within app/ Directory (Expo Router)

Platform-specific extensions in the app/ directory require a base version for route universality:

app/
├── _layout.tsx          # Required base version
├── _layout.web.tsx      # Optional web override
├── index.tsx            # Required base version
├── about.tsx            # Required base version
└── about.web.tsx        # Optional web override

Outside app/ Directory

Platform-specific files outside app/ do not require a base version:

components/
├── DatePicker/
│   ├── DatePickerContainer.tsx      # Container (shared logic)
│   ├── DatePickerView.tsx           # Default view
│   ├── DatePickerView.web.tsx       # Web-specific view
│   └── index.tsx                    # Exports container

Re-exporting Pattern

To use platform-specific components in routes:

// components/about/index.tsx (or about.native.tsx + about.web.tsx)
// Platform-specific implementations

// app/about.tsx
export { default } from "../components/about";

Common Cross-Platform Issues

1. Web-Incompatible APIs

These APIs require Platform.OS checks or alternatives on web:

API	Issue on Web	Solution
MediaLibrary.saveToLibraryAsync	Not supported	Use download link on web
Share.share()	Limited support	Use Web Share API or clipboard
Haptics.*	Not supported	Skip or use CSS animations
captureRef()	Not supported	Use dom-to-image on web
Linking.openURL()	Works but differs	Consider window.open() for web

2. Style Differences

// Platform-specific shadows
const shadowStyles = Platform.select({
  ios: {
    shadowColor: "#000",
    shadowOffset: { width: 0, height: 2 },
    shadowOpacity: 0.25,
    shadowRadius: 3.84,
  },
  android: {
    elevation: 5,
  },
  web: {
    boxShadow: "0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.25)",
  },
});

3. Layout Differences

• Bottom tabs work differently on web vs native
• Drawer navigation may need different treatment
• Touch vs mouse interactions differ

4. Gesture Handling

// Web may need different gesture handlers
const gestureConfig = Platform.select({
  web: { enabled: false }, // Disable on web if using mouse
  default: { enabled: true },
});

Implementation Patterns

Pattern 1: Platform-Specific Hook

// hooks/useSaveImage.ts
import { Platform } from "react-native";

/**
 * Hook for saving images with platform-specific implementations.
 */
export const useSaveImage = () => {
  const saveImage = useCallback(async (imageRef: React.RefObject<View>) => {
    if (Platform.OS === "web") {
      // Web implementation using dom-to-image
      const dataUrl = await domtoimage.toJpeg(imageRef.current);
      const link = document.createElement("a");
      link.download = "image.jpeg";
      link.href = dataUrl;
      link.click();
    } else {
      // Native implementation using view-shot
      const uri = await captureRef(imageRef);
      await MediaLibrary.saveToLibraryAsync(uri);
    }
  }, []);

  return { saveImage };
};

Pattern 2: Platform-Specific Component Files

// components/Modal/ModalView.native.tsx
import { Modal as RNModal } from "react-native";

const ModalView = ({ visible, children }: ModalViewProps) => (
  <RNModal visible={visible} animationType="slide">
    {children}
  </RNModal>
);

// components/Modal/ModalView.web.tsx
const ModalView = ({ visible, children }: ModalViewProps) =>
  visible ? (
    <div className="modal-overlay">
      <div className="modal-content">{children}</div>
    </div>
  ) : null;

Pattern 3: Conditional Feature Loading

// Only import heavy libraries on platforms that need them
const loadPlatformModule = async () => {
  if (Platform.OS === "web") {
    return await import("dom-to-image");
  }
  return await import("react-native-view-shot");
};

Validation Checklist

Before submitting code, verify:

• Component renders correctly on iOS
• Component renders correctly on Android
• Component renders correctly on web
• Platform-specific files in app/ have base versions
• All Platform.OS checks handle all three platforms (or use default)
• No web-incompatible APIs are called without Platform checks
• Styles work on all platforms (shadows, layouts)
• Touch/gesture handlers work on all platforms
• No hardcoded platform assumptions

Running Validation

To validate cross-platform compliance:

python3 .claude/skills/cross-platform-compatibility/scripts/validate_cross_platform.py [path]

Reference Documentation

For detailed patterns and examples:

• references/platform-api.md - Platform module API reference
• references/file-extensions.md - File extension patterns and resolution
• references/common-issues.md - Platform-specific issues and solutions