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name: precedent-transactions description: Precedent transaction analysis for M&A valuation
Precedent transactions reflect the price acquirers actually paid for similar companies, including control premiums and expected synergies. Unlike trading comps (minority stake, no control premium), transaction multiples embed the acquirer's willingness to pay above market value for strategic or financial control.
Typical control premium range: 20-40% over unaffected share price (varies by sector, deal dynamics, and competitive tension).
Primary filters:
Secondary filters:
| Source | Coverage | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Capital IQ / FactSet | Broad, structured data | Best for screening and financial data |
| Bloomberg | Good coverage, deal terms | Transaction-specific fields |
| MergerMarket | Forward-looking, rumored deals | Useful for pipeline intelligence |
| Thomson Reuters / Refinitiv | Historical depth | Strong on older transactions |
| SEC filings (EDGAR) | US public targets | Merger proxies, fairness opinions contain detailed terms |
| Company press releases | First-hand deal terms | Often limited financial detail |
Enterprise value-based (most common):
Equity-based:
Sector-specific:
Control Premium = (Offer Price - Unaffected Price) / Unaffected Price × 100%
Unaffected price: Share price before deal rumors or announcement — typically 1 day, 1 week, or 1 month prior to the earliest public disclosure.
Factors driving higher premiums:
Factors driving lower premiums:
To compare transaction multiples with trading comps, back out the estimated synergy value:
Synergy-Adjusted Multiple = Transaction EV / (Target EBITDA + Expected Synergies)
This yields a "pre-synergy" multiple that is more comparable to trading comps. The difference between the raw transaction multiple and trading comp multiple approximates the control premium and synergy sharing.
Strategic buyers:
Financial buyers (PE):
Separate transaction comps by buyer type when the distinction matters for the specific situation.
If comparing transactions from different market environments:
Implied Control Premium = (Median Transaction Multiple / Median Trading Multiple - 1) × 100%
Example:
Median Transaction EV/EBITDA: 12.5x
Median Trading EV/EBITDA: 10.0x
Implied Control Premium: 25%
=== PRECEDENT TRANSACTION ANALYSIS ===
Target Company: [Name]
Screening Period: [Start Date] - [End Date]
Industry Focus: [Sector/Sub-sector]
--- Transaction Universe ---
Date | Target | Acquirer | EV ($m) | EV/Rev | EV/EBITDA | Deal Type | Premium
MM/YYYY | Company A | Buyer X | ____ | ___x | ___x | Strategic | ___%
MM/YYYY | Company B | Buyer Y | ____ | ___x | ___x | Financial | ___%
MM/YYYY | Company C | Buyer Z | ____ | ___x | ___x | Strategic | ___%
...
--- Summary Statistics ---
| EV/Revenue | EV/EBITDA | Control Premium
Mean | ___x | ___x | ___%
Median | ___x | ___x | ___%
25th Percentile | ___x | ___x | ___%
75th Percentile | ___x | ___x | ___%
--- Implied Valuation ---
Metric Applied | Target Value | Low Multiple | High Multiple | Low EV | High EV
EV/EBITDA | $____m | ___x | ___x | $____m | $____m
EV/Revenue | $____m | ___x | ___x | $____m | $____m
Implied EV Range: $____m - $____m
Less: Net Debt ($____m)
Implied Equity: $____m - $____m
Per Share: $____ - $____
--- Comparison to Trading Comps ---
| Trading Comps | Precedent Txns | Implied Premium
EV/EBITDA Median | ___x | ___x | ___%
EV/Revenue Median | ___x | ___x | ___%
=== DEAL CONTEXT ===
Transaction: [Acquirer] / [Target] — [Date]
- Deal rationale: [Strategic/financial rationale]
- Process: [Auction / Negotiated / Hostile]
- Synergies announced: [$___m annual run-rate]
- Financing: [Cash / Stock / Mixed]
- Competing bids: [Yes/No — details]
- Relevance to our situation: [High/Medium/Low — why]
Before finalizing a precedent transaction analysis, verify: