accessibility-audit

Accessibility Audit

Audit web pages for accessibility issues following WCAG 2.1 guidelines using Python code execution. Checks heading structure, form labels, image alt text, ARIA attributes, landmark regions, and keyboard navigation.

All code runs via openbrowser-ai -c. The daemon starts automatically and persists variables across calls. All browser functions are async -- use await.

Setup

Before running, verify openbrowser-ai is installed:

openbrowser-ai --help

If not found, install:

# macOS/Linux
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/billy-enrizky/openbrowser-ai/main/install.sh | sh

# Windows (PowerShell)
irm https://raw.githubusercontent.com/billy-enrizky/openbrowser-ai/main/install.ps1 | iex

Workflow

Step 1 -- Navigate and initialize audit

openbrowser-ai -c - <<'EOF'
await navigate("https://example.com")
state = await browser.get_browser_state_summary()
print(f"Auditing: {state.title} ({state.url})")

# Store all findings
audit = {
    "url": state.url,
    "title": state.title,
    "issues": [],
    "checks": {}
}
EOF

Step 2 -- Check heading structure

openbrowser-ai -c - <<'EOF'
headings_result = await evaluate("""
(function(){
  const headings = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6"));
  const issues = [];
  let prevLevel = 0;
  const h1Count = headings.filter(h => h.tagName === "H1").length;

  if (h1Count === 0) issues.push("No h1 element found");
  if (h1Count > 1) issues.push("Multiple h1 elements: " + h1Count);

  headings.forEach(h => {
    const level = parseInt(h.tagName[1]);
    if (prevLevel > 0 && level > prevLevel + 1)
      issues.push("Skipped level: h" + prevLevel + " -> h" + level + " (\"" + h.textContent.trim().substring(0, 50) + "\")");
    if (!h.textContent.trim())
      issues.push("Empty heading: " + h.tagName);
    prevLevel = level;
  });

  return {
    total: headings.length,
    h1Count,
    hierarchy: headings.map(h => ({ tag: h.tagName, text: h.textContent.trim().substring(0, 80) })),
    issues
  };
})()
""")

audit["checks"]["headings"] = headings_result
for issue in headings_result.get("issues", []):
    audit["issues"].append({"check": "headings", "wcag": "1.3.1", "issue": issue})
    print(f"[HEADINGS] {issue}")

if not headings_result.get("issues"):
    print("[HEADINGS] PASS")
EOF

Step 3 -- Check images for alt text

openbrowser-ai -c - <<'EOF'
images_result = await evaluate("""
(function(){
  const images = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("img"));
  const issues = [];
  let withAlt = 0, withEmptyAlt = 0, missingAlt = 0;

  images.forEach(img => {
    const alt = img.getAttribute("alt");
    const src = img.src?.substring(0, 100);
    if (alt === null) {
      missingAlt++;
      issues.push("Missing alt: " + src);
    } else if (alt === "") {
      withEmptyAlt++;
    } else {
      withAlt++;
    }
  });

  return { total: images.length, withAlt, withEmptyAlt, missingAlt, issues };
})()
""")

audit["checks"]["images"] = images_result
for issue in images_result.get("issues", []):
    audit["issues"].append({"check": "images", "wcag": "1.1.1", "issue": issue})
    print(f"[IMAGES] {issue}")

if not images_result.get("issues"):
    total = images_result["total"]
    with_alt = images_result["withAlt"]
    print(f"[IMAGES] PASS ({total} images, {with_alt} with alt)")
EOF

Step 4 -- Check form labels

openbrowser-ai -c - <<'EOF'
forms_result = await evaluate("""
(function(){
  const inputs = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("input:not([type=\"hidden\"]),select,textarea"));
  const issues = [];

  inputs.forEach(input => {
    const id = input.id;
    const ariaLabel = input.getAttribute("aria-label");
    const ariaLabelledBy = input.getAttribute("aria-labelledby");
    const title = input.getAttribute("title");
    const label = id ? document.querySelector("label[for=\"" + id + "\"]") : null;
    const parentLabel = input.closest("label");
    const hasLabel = label || parentLabel || ariaLabel || ariaLabelledBy || title;

    if (!hasLabel) {
      issues.push({
        tag: input.tagName,
        type: input.type || "text",
        name: input.name || "(none)",
        placeholder: input.getAttribute("placeholder") || "(none)",
        issue: "No label or aria-label"
      });
    }
  });

  return { totalInputs: inputs.length, unlabeled: issues.length, issues };
})()
""")

audit["checks"]["forms"] = forms_result
for issue in forms_result.get("issues", []):
    tag = issue["tag"]
    name = issue["name"]
    itype = issue["type"]
    audit["issues"].append({"check": "forms", "wcag": "1.3.1", "issue": f"Unlabeled {tag} name={name}"})
    print(f"[FORMS] Unlabeled: <{tag}> type={itype} name={name}")

if not forms_result.get("issues"):
    total_inputs = forms_result["totalInputs"]
    print(f"[FORMS] PASS ({total_inputs} inputs, all labeled)")
EOF

Step 5 -- Check ARIA attributes

openbrowser-ai -c - <<'EOF'
aria_result = await evaluate("""
(function(){
  const issues = [];
  const ariaElements = document.querySelectorAll("[role],[aria-label],[aria-labelledby],[aria-describedby],[aria-hidden]");

  ariaElements.forEach(el => {
    const ariaLabelledBy = el.getAttribute("aria-labelledby");
    const ariaDescribedBy = el.getAttribute("aria-describedby");

    if (ariaLabelledBy) {
      ariaLabelledBy.split(/\s+/).forEach(id => {
        if (!document.getElementById(id))
          issues.push({ element: el.tagName, issue: "aria-labelledby references missing id: " + id });
      });
    }
    if (ariaDescribedBy) {
      ariaDescribedBy.split(/\s+/).forEach(id => {
        if (!document.getElementById(id))
          issues.push({ element: el.tagName, issue: "aria-describedby references missing id: " + id });
      });
    }
    if (el.getAttribute("role") === "button" && !el.getAttribute("aria-label") && !el.textContent.trim())
      issues.push({ element: el.tagName, issue: "Button role with no accessible name" });
    if (el.getAttribute("aria-hidden") === "true" && el.querySelector("a,button,input,select,textarea,[tabindex]"))
      issues.push({ element: el.tagName, issue: "aria-hidden on element with focusable children" });
  });

  return { totalAriaElements: ariaElements.length, issues };
})()
""")

audit["checks"]["aria"] = aria_result
for issue in aria_result.get("issues", []):
    msg = issue["issue"]
    audit["issues"].append({"check": "aria", "wcag": "4.1.2", "issue": msg})
    print(f"[ARIA] {msg}")

if not aria_result.get("issues"):
    total_aria = aria_result["totalAriaElements"]
    print(f"[ARIA] PASS ({total_aria} ARIA elements)")
EOF

Step 6 -- Check landmark regions

openbrowser-ai -c - <<'EOF'
landmarks_result = await evaluate("""
(function(){
  const landmarks = {
    banner: document.querySelectorAll("header,[role=\"banner\"]").length,
    navigation: document.querySelectorAll("nav,[role=\"navigation\"]").length,
    main: document.querySelectorAll("main,[role=\"main\"]").length,
    contentinfo: document.querySelectorAll("footer,[role=\"contentinfo\"]").length,
    complementary: document.querySelectorAll("aside,[role=\"complementary\"]").length,
    search: document.querySelectorAll("[role=\"search\"]").length
  };
  const issues = [];
  if (landmarks.main === 0) issues.push("No main landmark");
  if (landmarks.main > 1) issues.push("Multiple main landmarks: " + landmarks.main);
  if (landmarks.banner === 0) issues.push("No banner/header landmark");
  if (landmarks.navigation === 0) issues.push("No navigation landmark");
  if (landmarks.contentinfo === 0) issues.push("No footer/contentinfo landmark");
  return { landmarks, issues };
})()
""")

audit["checks"]["landmarks"] = landmarks_result
for issue in landmarks_result.get("issues", []):
    audit["issues"].append({"check": "landmarks", "wcag": "1.3.1", "issue": issue})
    print(f"[LANDMARKS] {issue}")

if not landmarks_result.get("issues"):
    print("[LANDMARKS] PASS")
EOF

Step 7 -- Check links and buttons

openbrowser-ai -c - <<'EOF'
links_result = await evaluate("""
(function(){
  const issues = [];
  document.querySelectorAll("a").forEach(a => {
    const name = a.textContent.trim() || a.getAttribute("aria-label") || a.getAttribute("title") || a.querySelector("img[alt]")?.alt;
    if (!name) issues.push({ tag: "a", href: a.href?.substring(0, 80), issue: "No accessible name" });
    else if (["click here", "here", "read more", "more", "link"].includes(name.toLowerCase()))
      issues.push({ tag: "a", text: name, issue: "Non-descriptive link text" });
  });
  document.querySelectorAll("button,[role=\"button\"]").forEach(btn => {
    const name = btn.textContent.trim() || btn.getAttribute("aria-label") || btn.getAttribute("title");
    if (!name) issues.push({ tag: btn.tagName, issue: "Button with no accessible name" });
  });
  return { issues };
})()
""")

audit["checks"]["links_buttons"] = links_result
for issue in links_result.get("issues", []):
    msg = issue["issue"]
    audit["issues"].append({"check": "links_buttons", "wcag": "2.4.4", "issue": msg})
    print(f"[LINKS/BUTTONS] {msg}")

if not links_result.get("issues"):
    print("[LINKS/BUTTONS] PASS")
EOF

Step 8 -- Check keyboard navigation

openbrowser-ai -c - <<'EOF'
keyboard_result = await evaluate("""
(function(){
  const focusable = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll("a[href],button,input:not([type=\"hidden\"]),select,textarea,[tabindex]"));
  const issues = [];
  const positiveTabindex = focusable.filter(el => parseInt(el.getAttribute("tabindex")) > 0);
  const negativeTabindex = focusable.filter(el => {
    const ti = parseInt(el.getAttribute("tabindex"));
    return ti < 0 && ["A","BUTTON","INPUT","SELECT","TEXTAREA"].includes(el.tagName);
  });

  if (positiveTabindex.length > 0)
    issues.push("Elements with positive tabindex (disrupts tab order): " + positiveTabindex.length);
  if (negativeTabindex.length > 0)
    issues.push("Interactive elements removed from tab order: " + negativeTabindex.length);

  return { totalFocusable: focusable.length, positiveTabindex: positiveTabindex.length, negativeTabindex: negativeTabindex.length, issues };
})()
""")

audit["checks"]["keyboard"] = keyboard_result
for issue in keyboard_result.get("issues", []):
    audit["issues"].append({"check": "keyboard", "wcag": "2.4.3", "issue": issue})
    print(f"[KEYBOARD] {issue}")

if not keyboard_result.get("issues"):
    total_focusable = keyboard_result["totalFocusable"]
    print(f"[KEYBOARD] PASS ({total_focusable} focusable elements)")
EOF

Step 9 -- Compile audit report

openbrowser-ai -c - <<'EOF'
import json

total_issues = len(audit["issues"])
checks_passed = sum(1 for c in audit["checks"].values() if not c.get("issues"))
checks_total = len(audit["checks"])

url = audit["url"]
title = audit["title"]
print(f"\n=== Accessibility Audit Report ===")
print(f"URL: {url}")
print(f"Title: {title}")
print(f"Checks: {checks_passed}/{checks_total} passed")
print(f"Total issues: {total_issues}")

if total_issues > 0:
    print(f"\nIssues by WCAG criterion:")
    by_wcag = {}
    for issue in audit["issues"]:
        by_wcag.setdefault(issue["wcag"], []).append(issue)
    for wcag, issues in sorted(by_wcag.items()):
        print(f"  {wcag}: {len(issues)} issues")
        for i in issues[:3]:
            msg = i["issue"]
            print(f"    - {msg}")
        if len(issues) > 3:
            print(f"    ... and {len(issues) - 3} more")
EOF

WCAG Quick Reference

Check	WCAG Criterion	Level
Images have alt text	1.1.1 Non-text Content	A
Heading hierarchy is logical	1.3.1 Info and Relationships	A
Form inputs have labels	1.3.1 Info and Relationships	A
Link purpose is clear	2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context)	A
Landmark regions present	1.3.1 Info and Relationships	A
Focus order is logical	2.4.3 Focus Order	A
ARIA attributes valid	4.1.2 Name, Role, Value	A

Tips

• Code is piped via stdin using heredoc (-c - <<'EOF'), so all Python syntax works without shell escaping issues.
• Store results in the audit dict -- variables persist between -c calls while the daemon is running.
• Run audits on multiple pages, not just the homepage.
• ARIA misuse is often worse than no ARIA at all.
• The heading check catches the most common structural issues.
• Missing form labels are the most common form accessibility failure.