ce-plan

Create Technical Plan

Note: The current year is 2026. Use this when dating plans and searching for recent documentation.

ce-brainstorm defines WHAT to build. ce-plan defines HOW to build it. ce-work executes the plan.

This workflow produces a durable implementation plan. It does not implement code, run tests, or learn from execution-time results. If the answer depends on changing code and seeing what happens, that belongs in ce-work, not here.

Interaction Method

Use the platform's question tool when available. When asking the user a question, prefer the platform's blocking question tool if one exists (ask_user in Copilot CLI). Otherwise, present numbered options in chat and wait for the user's reply before proceeding.

Ask one question at a time. Prefer a concise single-select choice when natural options exist.

Feature Description

<feature_description> #$ARGUMENTS </feature_description>

If the feature description above is empty, ask the user: "What would you like to plan? Please describe the feature, bug fix, or improvement you have in mind."

Do not proceed until you have a clear planning input.

IMPORTANT: All file references in the plan document must use repo-relative paths (e.g., src/models/user.rb), never absolute paths (e.g., /Users/name/Code/project/src/models/user.rb). This applies everywhere — implementation unit file lists, pattern references, origin document links, and prose mentions. Absolute paths break portability across machines, worktrees, and teammates.

Core Principles

1. Use requirements as the source of truth - If ce-brainstorm produced a requirements document, planning should build from it rather than re-inventing behavior.
2. Decisions, not code - Capture approach, boundaries, files, dependencies, risks, and test scenarios. Do not pre-write implementation code or shell command choreography. Pseudo-code sketches or DSL grammars that communicate high-level technical design are welcome when they help a reviewer validate direction — but they must be explicitly framed as directional guidance, not implementation specification.
3. Research before structuring - Explore the codebase, institutional learnings, and external guidance when warranted before finalizing the plan.
4. Right-size the artifact - Small work gets a compact plan. Large work gets more structure. The philosophy stays the same at every depth.
5. Separate planning from execution discovery - Resolve planning-time questions here. Explicitly defer execution-time unknowns to implementation.
6. Keep the plan portable - The plan should work as a living document, review artifact, or issue body without embedding tool-specific executor instructions.
7. Carry execution posture lightly when it matters - If the request, origin document, or repo context clearly implies test-first, characterization-first, or another non-default execution posture, reflect that in the plan as a lightweight signal. Do not turn the plan into step-by-step execution choreography.

Plan Quality Bar

Every plan should contain:

• A clear problem frame and scope boundary
• Concrete requirements traceability back to the request or origin document
• Repo-relative file paths for the work being proposed (never absolute paths — see Planning Rules)
• Explicit test file paths for feature-bearing implementation units
• Decisions with rationale, not just tasks
• Existing patterns or code references to follow
• Enumerated test scenarios for each feature-bearing unit, specific enough that an implementer knows exactly what to test without inventing coverage themselves
• Clear dependencies and sequencing

A plan is ready when an implementer can start confidently without needing the plan to write the code for them.

Workflow

Phase 0: Resume, Source, and Scope

0.1 Resume Existing Plan Work When Appropriate

If the user references an existing plan file or there is an obvious recent matching plan in docs/plans/:

• Read it
• Confirm whether to update it in place or create a new plan
• If updating, preserve completed checkboxes and revise only the still-relevant sections

Deepen intent: The word "deepen" (or "deepening") in reference to a plan is the primary trigger for the deepening fast path. When the user says "deepen the plan", "deepen my plan", "run a deepening pass", or similar, the target document is a plan in docs/plans/, not a requirements document. Use any path, keyword, or context the user provides to identify the right plan. If a path is provided, verify it is actually a plan document. If the match is not obvious, confirm with the user before proceeding.

Words like "strengthen", "confidence", "gaps", and "rigor" are NOT sufficient on their own to trigger deepening. These words appear in normal editing requests ("strengthen that section about the diagram", "there are gaps in the test scenarios") and should not cause a holistic deepening pass. Only treat them as deepening intent when the request clearly targets the plan as a whole and does not name a specific section or content area to change — and even then, prefer to confirm with the user before entering the deepening flow.

Once the plan is identified and appears complete (all major sections present, implementation units defined, status: active), short-circuit to Phase 5.3 (Confidence Check and Deepening) in interactive mode. This avoids re-running the full planning workflow and gives the user control over which findings are integrated.

Normal editing requests (e.g., "update the test scenarios", "add a new implementation unit", "strengthen the risk section") should NOT trigger the fast path — they follow the standard resume flow.

If the plan already has a deepened: YYYY-MM-DD frontmatter field and there is no explicit user request to re-deepen, the fast path still applies the same confidence-gap evaluation — it does not force deepening.

0.2 Find Upstream Requirements Document

Before asking planning questions, search docs/brainstorms/ for files matching *-requirements.md.

Relevance criteria: A requirements document is relevant if:

• The topic semantically matches the feature description
• It was created within the last 30 days (use judgment to override if the document is clearly still relevant or clearly stale)
• It appears to cover the same user problem or scope

If multiple source documents match, ask which one to use using the platform's blocking question tool when available (see Interaction Method). Otherwise, present numbered options in chat and wait for the user's reply before proceeding.

0.3 Use the Source Document as Primary Input

If a relevant requirements document exists:

1. Read it thoroughly
2. Announce that it will serve as the origin document for planning
3. Carry forward all of the following:
   • Problem frame
   • Requirements and success criteria
   • Scope boundaries
   • Key decisions and rationale
   • Dependencies or assumptions
   • Outstanding questions, preserving whether they are blocking or deferred
4. Use the source document as the primary input to planning and research
5. Reference important carried-forward decisions in the plan with (see origin: <source-path>)
6. Do not silently omit source content — if the origin document discussed it, the plan must address it even if briefly. Before finalizing, scan each section of the origin document to verify nothing was dropped.

If no relevant requirements document exists, planning may proceed from the user's request directly.

0.4 No-Requirements-Doc Fallback

If no relevant requirements document exists:

• Assess whether the request is already clear enough for direct technical planning
• If the ambiguity is mainly product framing, user behavior, or scope definition, recommend ce-brainstorm first
• If the user wants to continue here anyway, run a short planning bootstrap instead of refusing

The planning bootstrap should establish:

• Problem frame
• Intended behavior
• Scope boundaries and obvious non-goals
• Success criteria
• Blocking questions or assumptions

Keep this bootstrap brief. It exists to preserve direct-entry convenience, not to replace a full brainstorm.

If the bootstrap uncovers major unresolved product questions:

• Recommend ce-brainstorm again
• If the user still wants to continue, require explicit assumptions before proceeding

0.5 Classify Outstanding Questions Before Planning

If the origin document contains Resolve Before Planning or similar blocking questions:

• Review each one before proceeding
• Reclassify it into planning-owned work only if it is actually a technical, architectural, or research question
• Keep it as a blocker if it would change product behavior, scope, or success criteria

If true product blockers remain:

• Surface them clearly
• Ask the user, using the platform's blocking question tool when available (see Interaction Method), whether to:
  1. Resume ce-brainstorm to resolve them
  2. Convert them into explicit assumptions or decisions and continue
• Do not continue planning while true blockers remain unresolved

0.6 Assess Plan Depth

Classify the work into one of these plan depths:

• Lightweight - small, well-bounded, low ambiguity
• Standard - normal feature or bounded refactor with some technical decisions to document
• Deep - cross-cutting, strategic, high-risk, or highly ambiguous implementation work

If depth is unclear, ask one targeted question and then continue.

Phase 1: Gather Context

1.1 Local Research (Always Runs)

Prepare a concise planning context summary (a paragraph or two) to pass as input to the research agents:

• If an origin document exists, summarize the problem frame, requirements, and key decisions from that document
• Otherwise use the feature description directly

Run these agents in parallel:

• Use the repo-research-analyst skill to: Scope: technology, architecture, patterns. {planning context summary}
• Use the learnings-researcher skill to: planning context summary

Collect:

• Technology stack and versions (used in section 1.2 to make sharper external research decisions)
• Architectural patterns and conventions to follow
• Implementation patterns, relevant files, modules, and tests
• AGENTS.md guidance that materially affects the plan
• Institutional learnings from docs/solutions/

1.1b Detect Execution Posture Signals

Decide whether the plan should carry a lightweight execution posture signal.

Look for signals such as:

• The user explicitly asks for TDD, test-first, or characterization-first work
• The origin document calls for test-first implementation or exploratory hardening of legacy code
• Local research shows the target area is legacy, weakly tested, or historically fragile, suggesting characterization coverage before changing behavior
• The user asks for external delegation, says "use codex", "delegate mode", or mentions token conservation -- add Execution target: external-delegate to implementation units that are pure code writing

When the signal is clear, carry it forward silently in the relevant implementation units.

Ask the user only if the posture would materially change sequencing or risk and cannot be responsibly inferred.

1.2 Decide on External Research

Based on the origin document, user signals, and local findings, decide whether external research adds value.

Read between the lines. Pay attention to signals from the conversation so far:

• User familiarity — Are they pointing to specific files or patterns? They likely know the codebase well.
• User intent — Do they want speed or thoroughness? Exploration or execution?
• Topic risk — Security, payments, external APIs warrant more caution regardless of user signals.
• Uncertainty level — Is the approach clear or still open-ended?

Leverage repo-research-analyst's technology context:

The repo-research-analyst output includes a structured Technology & Infrastructure summary. Use it to make sharper external research decisions:

• If specific frameworks and versions were detected (e.g., Rails 7.2, Next.js 14, Go 1.22), pass those exact identifiers to framework-docs-researcher so it fetches version-specific documentation
• If the feature touches a technology layer the scan found well-established in the repo (e.g., existing Sidekiq jobs when planning a new background job), lean toward skipping external research -- local patterns are likely sufficient
• If the feature touches a technology layer the scan found absent or thin (e.g., no existing proto files when planning a new gRPC service), lean toward external research -- there are no local patterns to follow
• If the scan detected deployment infrastructure (Docker, K8s, serverless), note it in the planning context passed to downstream agents so they can account for deployment constraints
• If the scan detected a monorepo and scoped to a specific service, pass that service's tech context to downstream research agents -- not the aggregate of all services. If the scan surfaced the workspace map without scoping, use the feature description to identify the relevant service before proceeding with research

Always lean toward external research when:

• The topic is high-risk: security, payments, privacy, external APIs, migrations, compliance
• The codebase lacks relevant local patterns -- fewer than 3 direct examples of the pattern this plan needs
• Local patterns exist for an adjacent domain but not the exact one -- e.g., the codebase has HTTP clients but not webhook receivers, or has background jobs but not event-driven pub/sub. Adjacent patterns suggest the team is comfortable with the technology layer but may not know domain-specific pitfalls. When this signal is present, frame the external research query around the domain gap specifically, not the general technology
• The user is exploring unfamiliar territory
• The technology scan found the relevant layer absent or thin in the codebase

Skip external research when:

• The codebase already shows a strong local pattern -- multiple direct examples (not adjacent-domain), recently touched, following current conventions
• The user already knows the intended shape
• Additional external context would add little practical value
• The technology scan found the relevant layer well-established with existing examples to follow

Announce the decision briefly before continuing. Examples:

• "Your codebase has solid patterns for this. Proceeding without external research."
• "This involves payment processing, so I'll research current best practices first."

1.3 External Research (Conditional)

If Step 1.2 indicates external research is useful, run these agents in parallel:

• Use the best-practices-researcher skill to: planning context summary
• Use the framework-docs-researcher skill to: planning context summary

1.4 Consolidate Research

Summarize:

• Relevant codebase patterns and file paths
• Relevant institutional learnings
• External references and best practices, if gathered
• Related issues, PRs, or prior art
• Any constraints that should materially shape the plan

1.4b Reclassify Depth When Research Reveals External Contract Surfaces

If the current classification is Lightweight and Phase 1 research found that the work touches any of these external contract surfaces, reclassify to Standard:

• Environment variables consumed by external systems, CI, or other repositories
• Exported public APIs, CLI flags, or command-line interface contracts
• CI/CD configuration files (.github/workflows/, Dockerfile, deployment scripts)
• Shared types or interfaces imported by downstream consumers
• Documentation referenced by external URLs or linked from other systems

This ensures flow analysis (Phase 1.5) runs and the confidence check (Phase 5.3) applies critical-section bonuses. Announce the reclassification briefly: "Reclassifying to Standard — this change touches [environment variables / exported APIs / CI config] with external consumers."

1.5 Flow and Edge-Case Analysis (Conditional)

For Standard or Deep plans, or when user flow completeness is still unclear, run:

• Use the spec-flow-analyzer skill to: planning context summary, research findings

Use the output to:

• Identify missing edge cases, state transitions, or handoff gaps
• Tighten requirements trace or verification strategy
• Add only the flow details that materially improve the plan

Phase 2: Resolve Planning Questions

Build a planning question list from:

• Deferred questions in the origin document
• Gaps discovered in repo or external research
• Technical decisions required to produce a useful plan

For each question, decide whether it should be:

• Resolved during planning - the answer is knowable from repo context, documentation, or user choice
• Deferred to implementation - the answer depends on code changes, runtime behavior, or execution-time discovery

Ask the user only when the answer materially affects architecture, scope, sequencing, or risk and cannot be responsibly inferred. Use the platform's blocking question tool when available (see Interaction Method).

Do not run tests, build the app, or probe runtime behavior in this phase. The goal is a strong plan, not partial execution.

Phase 3: Structure the Plan

3.1 Title and File Naming

• Draft a clear, searchable title using conventional format such as feat: Add user authentication or fix: Prevent checkout double-submit
• Determine the plan type: feat, fix, or refactor
• Build the filename following the repository convention: docs/plans/YYYY-MM-DD-NNN-<type>-<descriptive-name>-plan.md
  • Create docs/plans/ if it does not exist
  • Check existing files for today's date to determine the next sequence number (zero-padded to 3 digits, starting at 001)
  • Keep the descriptive name concise (3-5 words) and kebab-cased
  • Examples: 2026-01-15-001-feat-user-authentication-flow-plan.md, 2026-02-03-002-fix-checkout-race-condition-plan.md
  • Avoid: missing sequence numbers, vague names like "new-feature", invalid characters (colons, spaces)

3.2 Stakeholder and Impact Awareness

For Standard or Deep plans, briefly consider who is affected by this change — end users, developers, operations, other teams — and how that should shape the plan. For cross-cutting work, note affected parties in the System-Wide Impact section.

3.3 Break Work into Implementation Units

Break the work into logical implementation units. Each unit should represent one meaningful change that an implementer could typically land as an atomic commit.

Good units are:

• Focused on one component, behavior, or integration seam
• Usually touching a small cluster of related files
• Ordered by dependency
• Concrete enough for execution without pre-writing code
• Marked with checkbox syntax for progress tracking

Avoid:

• 2-5 minute micro-steps
• Units that span multiple unrelated concerns
• Units that are so vague an implementer still has to invent the plan

3.4 High-Level Technical Design (Optional)

Before detailing implementation units, decide whether an overview would help a reviewer validate the intended approach. This section communicates the shape of the solution — how pieces fit together — without dictating implementation.

When to include it:

Work involves...	Best overview form
DSL or API surface design	Pseudo-code grammar or contract sketch
Multi-component integration	Mermaid sequence or component diagram
Data pipeline or transformation	Data flow sketch
State-heavy lifecycle	State diagram
Complex branching logic	Flowchart
Mode/flag combinations or multi-input behavior	Decision matrix (inputs -> outcomes)
Single-component with non-obvious shape	Pseudo-code sketch

When to skip it:

• Well-patterned work where prose and file paths tell the whole story
• Straightforward CRUD or convention-following changes
• Lightweight plans where the approach is obvious

Choose the medium that fits the work. Do not default to pseudo-code when a diagram communicates better, and vice versa.

Frame every sketch with: "This illustrates the intended approach and is directional guidance for review, not implementation specification. The implementing agent should treat it as context, not code to reproduce."

Keep sketches concise — enough to validate direction, not enough to copy-paste into production.

3.5 Define Each Implementation Unit

For each unit, include:

• Goal - what this unit accomplishes
• Requirements - which requirements or success criteria it advances
• Dependencies - what must exist first
• Files - repo-relative file paths to create, modify, or test (never absolute paths)
• Approach - key decisions, data flow, component boundaries, or integration notes
• Execution note - optional, only when the unit benefits from a non-default execution posture such as test-first, characterization-first, or external delegation
• Technical design - optional pseudo-code or diagram when the unit's approach is non-obvious and prose alone would leave it ambiguous. Frame explicitly as directional guidance, not implementation specification
• Patterns to follow - existing code or conventions to mirror
• Test scenarios - enumerate the specific test cases the implementer should write, right-sized to the unit's complexity and risk. Consider each category below and include scenarios from every category that applies to this unit. A simple config change may need one scenario; a payment flow may need a dozen. The quality signal is specificity — each scenario should name the input, action, and expected outcome so the implementer doesn't have to invent coverage. For units with no behavioral change (pure config, scaffolding, styling), use Test expectation: none -- [reason] instead of leaving the field blank.
  • Happy path behaviors - core functionality with expected inputs and outputs
  • Edge cases (when the unit has meaningful boundaries) - boundary values, empty inputs, nil/null states, concurrent access
  • Error and failure paths (when the unit has failure modes) - invalid input, downstream service failures, timeout behavior, permission denials
  • Integration scenarios (when the unit crosses layers) - behaviors that mocks alone will not prove, e.g., "creating X triggers callback Y which persists Z". Include these for any unit touching callbacks, middleware, or multi-layer interactions
• Verification - how an implementer should know the unit is complete, expressed as outcomes rather than shell command scripts

Every feature-bearing unit should include the test file path in **Files:**.

Use Execution note sparingly. Good uses include:

• Execution note: Start with a failing integration test for the request/response contract.
• Execution note: Add characterization coverage before modifying this legacy parser.
• Execution note: Implement new domain behavior test-first.
• Execution note: Execution target: external-delegate

Do not expand units into literal RED/GREEN/REFACTOR substeps.

3.6 Keep Planning-Time and Implementation-Time Unknowns Separate

If something is important but not knowable yet, record it explicitly under deferred implementation notes rather than pretending to resolve it in the plan.

Examples:

• Exact method or helper names
• Final SQL or query details after touching real code
• Runtime behavior that depends on seeing actual test failures
• Refactors that may become unnecessary once implementation starts

Phase 4: Write the Plan

Use one planning philosophy across all depths. Change the amount of detail, not the boundary between planning and execution.

4.1 Plan Depth Guidance

Lightweight

• Keep the plan compact
• Usually 2-4 implementation units
• Omit optional sections that add little value

Standard

• Use the full core template, omitting optional sections (including High-Level Technical Design) that add no value for this particular work
• Usually 3-6 implementation units
• Include risks, deferred questions, and system-wide impact when relevant

Deep

• Use the full core template plus optional analysis sections where warranted
• Usually 4-8 implementation units
• Group units into phases when that improves clarity
• Include alternatives considered, documentation impacts, and deeper risk treatment when warranted

4.1b Optional Deep Plan Extensions

For sufficiently large, risky, or cross-cutting work, add the sections that genuinely help:

• Alternative Approaches Considered
• Success Metrics
• Dependencies / Prerequisites
• Risk Analysis & Mitigation
• Phased Delivery
• Documentation Plan
• Operational / Rollout Notes
• Future Considerations only when they materially affect current design

Do not add these as boilerplate. Include them only when they improve execution quality or stakeholder alignment.

4.2 Core Plan Template

Omit clearly inapplicable optional sections, especially for Lightweight plans.

---
title: [Plan Title]
type: [feat|fix|refactor]
status: active
date: YYYY-MM-DD
origin: docs/brainstorms/YYYY-MM-DD-<topic>-requirements.md  # include when planning from a requirements doc
deepened: YYYY-MM-DD  # optional, set when the confidence check substantively strengthens the plan
---

# [Plan Title]

## Overview

[What is changing and why]

## Problem Frame

[Summarize the user/business problem and context. Reference the origin doc when present.]

## Requirements Trace

- R1. [Requirement or success criterion this plan must satisfy]
- R2. [Requirement or success criterion this plan must satisfy]

## Scope Boundaries

- [Explicit non-goal or exclusion]

## Context & Research

### Relevant Code and Patterns

- [Existing file, class, component, or pattern to follow]

### Institutional Learnings

- [Relevant `docs/solutions/` insight]

### External References

- [Relevant external docs or best-practice source, if used]

## Key Technical Decisions

- [Decision]: [Rationale]

## Open Questions

### Resolved During Planning

- [Question]: [Resolution]

### Deferred to Implementation

- [Question or unknown]: [Why it is intentionally deferred]

<!-- Optional: Include this section only when the work involves DSL design, multi-component
     integration, complex data flow, state-heavy lifecycle, or other cases where prose alone
     would leave the approach shape ambiguous. Omit it entirely for well-patterned or
     straightforward work. -->
## High-Level Technical Design

> *This illustrates the intended approach and is directional guidance for review, not implementation specification. The implementing agent should treat it as context, not code to reproduce.*

[Pseudo-code grammar, mermaid diagram, data flow sketch, or state diagram — choose the medium that best communicates the solution shape for this work.]

## Implementation Units

- [ ] **Unit 1: [Name]**

**Goal:** [What this unit accomplishes]

**Requirements:** [R1, R2]

**Dependencies:** [None / Unit 1 / external prerequisite]

**Files:**
- Create: `path/to/new_file`
- Modify: `path/to/existing_file`
- Test: `path/to/test_file`

**Approach:**
- [Key design or sequencing decision]

**Execution note:** [Optional test-first, characterization-first, external-delegate, or other execution posture signal]

**Technical design:** *(optional -- pseudo-code or diagram when the unit's approach is non-obvious. Directional guidance, not implementation specification.)*

**Patterns to follow:**
- [Existing file, class, or pattern]

**Test scenarios:**
<!-- Include only categories that apply to this unit. Omit categories that don't. For units with no behavioral change, use "Test expectation: none -- [reason]" instead of leaving this section blank. -->
- [Scenario: specific input/action -> expected outcome. Prefix with category — Happy path, Edge case, Error path, or Integration — to signal intent]

**Verification:**
- [Outcome that should hold when this unit is complete]

## System-Wide Impact

- **Interaction graph:** [What callbacks, middleware, observers, or entry points may be affected]
- **Error propagation:** [How failures should travel across layers]
- **State lifecycle risks:** [Partial-write, cache, duplicate, or cleanup concerns]
- **API surface parity:** [Other interfaces that may require the same change]
- **Integration coverage:** [Cross-layer scenarios unit tests alone will not prove]
- **Unchanged invariants:** [Existing APIs, interfaces, or behaviors that this plan explicitly does not change — and how the new work relates to them. Include when the change touches shared surfaces and reviewers need blast-radius assurance]

## Risks & Dependencies

| Risk | Mitigation |
|------|------------|
| [Meaningful risk] | [How it is addressed or accepted] |

## Documentation / Operational Notes

- [Docs, rollout, monitoring, or support impacts when relevant]

## Sources & References

- **Origin document:** [docs/brainstorms/YYYY-MM-DD-<topic>-requirements.md](path)
- Related code: [path or symbol]
- Related PRs/issues: #[number]
- External docs: [url]

For larger Deep plans, extend the core template only when useful with sections such as:

## Alternative Approaches Considered

- [Approach]: [Why rejected or not chosen]

## Success Metrics

- [How we will know this solved the intended problem]

## Dependencies / Prerequisites

- [Technical, organizational, or rollout dependency]

## Risk Analysis & Mitigation

| Risk | Likelihood | Impact | Mitigation |
|------|-----------|--------|------------|
| [Risk] | [Low/Med/High] | [Low/Med/High] | [How addressed] |

## Phased Delivery

### Phase 1
- [What lands first and why]

### Phase 2
- [What follows and why]

## Documentation Plan

- [Docs or runbooks to update]

## Operational / Rollout Notes

- [Monitoring, migration, feature flag, or rollout considerations]

4.3 Planning Rules

• All file paths must be repo-relative — never use absolute paths like /Users/name/Code/project/src/file.ts. Use src/file.ts instead. Absolute paths make plans non-portable across machines, worktrees, and teammates. When a plan targets a different repo than the document's home, state the target repo once at the top of the plan (e.g., **Target repo:** my-other-project) and use repo-relative paths throughout
• Prefer path plus class/component/pattern references over brittle line numbers
• Keep implementation units checkable with - [ ] syntax for progress tracking
• Do not include implementation code — no imports, exact method signatures, or framework-specific syntax
• Pseudo-code sketches and DSL grammars are allowed in the High-Level Technical Design section and per-unit technical design fields when they communicate design direction. Frame them explicitly as directional guidance, not implementation specification
• Mermaid diagrams are encouraged when they clarify relationships or flows that prose alone would make hard to follow — ERDs for data model changes, sequence diagrams for multi-service interactions, state diagrams for lifecycle transitions, flowcharts for complex branching logic
• Do not include git commands, commit messages, or exact test command recipes
• Do not expand implementation units into micro-step RED/GREEN/REFACTOR instructions
• Do not pretend an execution-time question is settled just to make the plan look complete

4.4 Visual Communication in Plan Documents

Section 3.4 covers diagrams about the solution being planned (pseudo-code, mermaid sequences, state diagrams). The existing Section 4.3 mermaid rule encourages those solution-design diagrams within Technical Design and per-unit fields. This guidance covers a different concern: visual aids that help readers navigate and comprehend the plan document itself -- dependency graphs, interaction diagrams, and comparison tables that make plan structure scannable.

Visual aids are conditional on content patterns, not on plan depth classification -- a Lightweight plan about a complex multi-unit workflow may warrant a dependency graph; a Deep plan about a straightforward feature may not.

When to include:

Plan describes...	Visual aid	Placement
4+ implementation units with non-linear dependencies (parallelism, diamonds, fan-in/fan-out)	Mermaid dependency graph	Before or after the Implementation Units heading
System-Wide Impact naming 3+ interacting surfaces or cross-layer effects	Mermaid interaction or component diagram	Within the System-Wide Impact section
Problem/Overview involving 3+ behavioral modes, states, or variants	Markdown comparison table	Within Overview or Problem Frame
Key Technical Decisions with 3+ interacting decisions, or Alternative Approaches with 3+ alternatives	Markdown comparison table	Within the relevant section

When to skip:

• The plan has 3 or fewer units in a straight dependency chain -- the Dependencies field on each unit is sufficient
• Prose already communicates the relationships clearly
• The visual would duplicate what the High-Level Technical Design section already shows
• The visual describes code-level detail (specific method names, SQL columns, API field lists)

Format selection:

• Mermaid (default) for dependency graphs and interaction diagrams -- 5-15 nodes, no in-box annotations, standard flowchart shapes. Use TB (top-to-bottom) direction so diagrams stay narrow in both rendered and source form. Source should be readable as fallback in diff views and terminals.
• ASCII/box-drawing diagrams for annotated flows that need rich in-box content -- file path layouts, decision logic branches, multi-column spatial arrangements. More expressive than mermaid when the diagram's value comes from annotations within nodes. Follow 80-column max for code blocks, use vertical stacking.
• Markdown tables for mode/variant comparisons and decision/approach comparisons.
• Keep diagrams proportionate to the plan. A 6-unit linear chain gets a simple 6-node graph. A complex dependency graph with fan-out and fan-in may need 10-15 nodes -- that is fine if every node earns its place.
• Place inline at the point of relevance, not in a separate section.
• Plan-structure level only -- unit dependencies, component interactions, mode comparisons, impact surfaces. Not implementation architecture, data schemas, or code structure (those belong in Section 3.4).
• Prose is authoritative: when a visual aid and its surrounding prose disagree, the prose governs.

After generating a visual aid, verify it accurately represents the plan sections it illustrates -- correct dependency edges, no missing surfaces, no merged units.

Phase 5: Final Review, Write File, and Handoff

5.1 Review Before Writing

Before finalizing, check:

• The plan does not invent product behavior that should have been defined in ce-brainstorm
• If there was no origin document, the bounded planning bootstrap established enough product clarity to plan responsibly
• Every major decision is grounded in the origin document or research
• Each implementation unit is concrete, dependency-ordered, and implementation-ready
• If test-first or characterization-first posture was explicit or strongly implied, the relevant units carry it forward with a lightweight Execution note
• Each feature-bearing unit has test scenarios from every applicable category (happy path, edge cases, error paths, integration) — right-sized to the unit's complexity, not padded or skimped
• Test scenarios name specific inputs, actions, and expected outcomes without becoming test code
• Feature-bearing units with blank or missing test scenarios are flagged as incomplete — feature-bearing units must have actual test scenarios, not just an annotation. The Test expectation: none -- [reason] annotation is only valid for non-feature-bearing units (pure config, scaffolding, styling)
• Deferred items are explicit and not hidden as fake certainty
• If a High-Level Technical Design section is included, it uses the right medium for the work, carries the non-prescriptive framing, and does not contain implementation code (no imports, exact signatures, or framework-specific syntax)
• Per-unit technical design fields, if present, are concise and directional rather than copy-paste-ready
• Would a visual aid (dependency graph, interaction diagram, comparison table) help a reader grasp the plan structure faster than scanning prose alone?

If the plan originated from a requirements document, re-read that document and verify:

• The chosen approach still matches the product intent
• Scope boundaries and success criteria are preserved
• Blocking questions were either resolved, explicitly assumed, or sent back to ce-brainstorm
• Every section of the origin document is addressed in the plan — scan each section to confirm nothing was silently dropped

5.2 Write Plan File

REQUIRED: Write the plan file to disk before presenting any options.

Use the Write tool to save the complete plan to:

docs/plans/YYYY-MM-DD-NNN-<type>-<descriptive-name>-plan.md

Confirm:

Plan written to docs/plans/[filename]

Pipeline mode: If invoked from an automated workflow such as LFG, SLFG, or any disable-model-invocation context, skip interactive questions. Make the needed choices automatically and proceed to writing the plan.

5.3 Confidence Check and Deepening

After writing the plan file, automatically evaluate whether the plan needs strengthening.

Two deepening modes:

• Auto mode (default during plan generation): Runs without asking the user for approval. The user sees what is being strengthened but does not need to make a decision. Sub-agent findings are synthesized directly into the plan.
• Interactive mode (activated by the re-deepen fast path in Phase 0.1): The user explicitly asked to deepen an existing plan. Sub-agent findings are presented individually for review before integration. The user can accept, reject, or discuss each agent's findings. Only accepted findings are synthesized into the plan.

Interactive mode exists because on-demand deepening is a different user posture — the user already has a plan they are invested in and wants to be surgical about what changes. This applies whether the plan was generated by this skill, written by hand, or produced by another tool.

document-review and this confidence check are different:

• Use the document-review skill when the document needs clarity, simplification, completeness, or scope control
• This confidence check strengthens rationale, sequencing, risk treatment, and system-wide thinking when the plan is structurally sound but still needs stronger grounding

Pipeline mode: This phase always runs in auto mode in pipeline/disable-model-invocation contexts. No user interaction needed.

5.3.1 Classify Plan Depth and Topic Risk

Determine the plan depth from the document:

• Lightweight - small, bounded, low ambiguity, usually 2-4 implementation units
• Standard - moderate complexity, some technical decisions, usually 3-6 units
• Deep - cross-cutting, high-risk, or strategically important work, usually 4-8 units or phased delivery

Build a risk profile. Treat these as high-risk signals:

• Authentication, authorization, or security-sensitive behavior
• Payments, billing, or financial flows
• Data migrations, backfills, or persistent data changes
• External APIs or third-party integrations
• Privacy, compliance, or user data handling
• Cross-interface parity or multi-surface behavior
• Significant rollout, monitoring, or operational concerns

5.3.2 Gate: Decide Whether to Deepen

• Lightweight plans usually do not need deepening unless they are high-risk
• Standard plans often benefit when one or more important sections still look thin
• Deep or high-risk plans often benefit from a targeted second pass
• Thin local grounding override: If Phase 1.2 triggered external research because local patterns were thin (fewer than 3 direct examples or adjacent-domain match), always proceed to scoring regardless of how grounded the plan appears. When the plan was built on unfamiliar territory, claims about system behavior are more likely to be assumptions than verified facts. The scoring pass is cheap — if the plan is genuinely solid, scoring finds nothing and exits quickly

If the plan already appears sufficiently grounded and the thin-grounding override does not apply, report "Confidence check passed — no sections need strengthening" and skip to Phase 5.3.8 (Document Review). Document-review always runs regardless of whether deepening was needed — the two tools catch different classes of issues.

5.3.3 Score Confidence Gaps

Use a checklist-first, risk-weighted scoring pass.

For each section, compute:

• Trigger count - number of checklist problems that apply
• Risk bonus - add 1 if the topic is high-risk and this section is materially relevant to that risk
• Critical-section bonus - add 1 for Key Technical Decisions, Implementation Units, System-Wide Impact, Risks & Dependencies, or Open Questions in Standard or Deep plans

Treat a section as a candidate if:

• it hits 2+ total points, or
• it hits 1+ point in a high-risk domain and the section is materially important

Choose only the top 2-5 sections by score. If deepening a lightweight plan (high-risk exception), cap at 1-2 sections.

If the plan already has a deepened: date:

• Prefer sections that have not yet been substantially strengthened, if their scores are comparable
• Revisit an already-deepened section only when it still scores clearly higher than alternatives

Section Checklists:

Requirements Trace

• Requirements are vague or disconnected from implementation units
• Success criteria are missing or not reflected downstream
• Units do not clearly advance the traced requirements
• Origin requirements are not clearly carried forward

Context & Research / Sources & References

• Relevant repo patterns are named but never used in decisions or implementation units
• Cited learnings or references do not materially shape the plan
• High-risk work lacks appropriate external or internal grounding
• Research is generic instead of tied to this repo or this plan

Key Technical Decisions

• A decision is stated without rationale
• Rationale does not explain tradeoffs or rejected alternatives
• The decision does not connect back to scope, requirements, or origin context
• An obvious design fork exists but the plan never addresses why one path won

Open Questions

• Product blockers are hidden as assumptions
• Planning-owned questions are incorrectly deferred to implementation
• Resolved questions have no clear basis in repo context, research, or origin decisions
• Deferred items are too vague to be useful later

High-Level Technical Design (when present)

• The sketch uses the wrong medium for the work
• The sketch contains implementation code rather than pseudo-code
• The non-prescriptive framing is missing or weak
• The sketch does not connect to the key technical decisions or implementation units

High-Level Technical Design (when absent) (Standard or Deep plans only)

• The work involves DSL design, API surface design, multi-component integration, complex data flow, or state-heavy lifecycle
• Key technical decisions would be easier to validate with a visual or pseudo-code representation
• The approach section of implementation units is thin and a higher-level technical design would provide context

Implementation Units

• Dependency order is unclear or likely wrong
• File paths or test file paths are missing where they should be explicit
• Units are too large, too vague, or broken into micro-steps
• Approach notes are thin or do not name the pattern to follow
• Test scenarios are vague (don't name inputs and expected outcomes), skip applicable categories (e.g., no error paths for a unit with failure modes, no integration scenarios for a unit crossing layers), or are disproportionate to the unit's complexity
• Feature-bearing units have blank or missing test scenarios (feature-bearing units require actual test scenarios; the Test expectation: none annotation is only valid for non-feature-bearing units)
• Verification outcomes are vague or not expressed as observable results

System-Wide Impact

• Affected interfaces, callbacks, middleware, entry points, or parity surfaces are missing
• Failure propagation is underexplored
• State lifecycle, caching, or data integrity risks are absent where relevant
• Integration coverage is weak for cross-layer work

Risks & Dependencies / Documentation / Operational Notes

• Risks are listed without mitigation
• Rollout, monitoring, migration, or support implications are missing when warranted
• External dependency assumptions are weak or unstated
• Security, privacy, performance, or data risks are absent where they obviously apply

Use the plan's own Context & Research and Sources & References as evidence. If those sections cite a pattern, learning, or risk that never affects decisions, implementation units, or verification, treat that as a confidence gap.

5.3.4 Report and Dispatch Targeted Research

Before dispatching agents, report what sections are being strengthened and why:

Strengthening [section names] — [brief reason for each, e.g., "decision rationale is thin", "cross-boundary effects aren't mapped"]

For each selected section, choose the smallest useful agent set. Do not run every agent. Use at most 1-3 agents per section and usually no more than 8 agents total.

Use fully-qualified agent names inside Task calls.

Deterministic Section-to-Agent Mapping:

Requirements Trace / Open Questions classification

• compound-engineering:workflow:spec-flow-analyzer for missing user flows, edge cases, and handoff gaps
• compound-engineering:research:repo-research-analyst (Scope: architecture, patterns) for repo-grounded patterns, conventions, and implementation reality checks

Context & Research / Sources & References gaps

• compound-engineering:research:learnings-researcher for institutional knowledge and past solved problems
• compound-engineering:research:framework-docs-researcher for official framework or library behavior
• compound-engineering:research:best-practices-researcher for current external patterns and industry guidance
• Add compound-engineering:research:git-history-analyzer only when historical rationale or prior art is materially missing

Key Technical Decisions

• compound-engineering:review:architecture-strategist for design integrity, boundaries, and architectural tradeoffs
• Add compound-engineering:research:framework-docs-researcher or compound-engineering:research:best-practices-researcher when the decision needs external grounding beyond repo evidence

High-Level Technical Design

• compound-engineering:review:architecture-strategist for validating that the technical design accurately represents the intended approach and identifying gaps
• compound-engineering:research:repo-research-analyst (Scope: architecture, patterns) for grounding the technical design in existing repo patterns and conventions
• Add compound-engineering:research:best-practices-researcher when the technical design involves a DSL, API surface, or pattern that benefits from external validation

Implementation Units / Verification

• compound-engineering:research:repo-research-analyst (Scope: patterns) for concrete file targets, patterns to follow, and repo-specific sequencing clues
• compound-engineering:review:pattern-recognition-specialist for consistency, duplication risks, and alignment with existing patterns
• Add compound-engineering:workflow:spec-flow-analyzer when sequencing depends on user flow or handoff completeness

System-Wide Impact

• compound-engineering:review:architecture-strategist for cross-boundary effects, interface surfaces, and architectural knock-on impact
• Add the specific specialist that matches the risk:
  • compound-engineering:review:performance-oracle for scalability, latency, throughput, and resource-risk analysis
  • compound-engineering:review:security-sentinel for auth, validation, exploit surfaces, and security boundary review
  • compound-engineering:review:data-integrity-guardian for migrations, persistent state safety, consistency, and data lifecycle risks

Risks & Dependencies / Operational Notes

• Use the specialist that matches the actual risk:
  • compound-engineering:review:security-sentinel for security, auth, privacy, and exploit risk
  • compound-engineering:review:data-integrity-guardian for persistent data safety, constraints, and transaction boundaries
  • compound-engineering:review:data-migration-expert for migration realism, backfills, and production data transformation risk
  • compound-engineering:review:deployment-verification-agent for rollout checklists, rollback planning, and launch verification
  • compound-engineering:review:performance-oracle for capacity, latency, and scaling concerns

Agent Prompt Shape:

For each selected section, pass:

• The scope prefix from the mapping above when the agent supports scoped invocation
• A short plan summary
• The exact section text
• Why the section was selected, including which checklist triggers fired
• The plan depth and risk profile
• A specific question to answer

Instruct the agent to return:

• findings that change planning quality
• stronger rationale, sequencing, verification, risk treatment, or references
• no implementation code
• no shell commands

5.3.5 Choose Research Execution Mode

Use the lightest mode that will work:

• Direct mode - Default. Use when the selected section set is small and the parent can safely read the agent outputs inline.
• Artifact-backed mode - Use only when the selected research scope is large enough that inline returns would create unnecessary context pressure.

Signals that justify artifact-backed mode:

• More than 5 agents are likely to return meaningful findings
• The selected section excerpts are long enough that repeating them in multiple agent outputs would be wasteful
• The topic is high-risk and likely to attract bulky source-backed analysis

If artifact-backed mode is not clearly warranted, stay in direct mode.

Artifact-backed mode uses a per-run scratch directory under .context/compound-engineering/ce-plan/deepen/.

5.3.6 Run Targeted Research

Launch the selected agents in parallel using the execution mode chosen above. If the current platform does not support parallel dispatch, run them sequentially instead.

Prefer local repo and institutional evidence first. Use external research only when the gap cannot be closed responsibly from repo context or already-cited sources.

If a selected section can be improved by reading the origin document more carefully, do that before dispatching external agents.

Direct mode: Have each selected agent return its findings directly to the parent. Keep the return payload focused: strongest findings only, the evidence or sources that matter, the concrete planning improvement implied by the finding.

Artifact-backed mode: For each selected agent, instruct it to write one compact artifact file in the scratch directory and return only a short completion summary. Each artifact should contain: target section, why selected, 3-7 findings, source-backed rationale, the specific plan change implied by each finding. No implementation code, no shell commands.

If an artifact is missing or clearly malformed, re-run that agent or fall back to direct-mode reasoning for that section.

If agent outputs conflict:

• Prefer repo-grounded and origin-grounded evidence over generic advice
• Prefer official framework documentation over secondary best-practice summaries when the conflict is about library behavior
• If a real tradeoff remains, record it explicitly in the plan

5.3.6b Interactive Finding Review (Interactive Mode Only)

Skip this step in auto mode — proceed directly to 5.3.7.

In interactive mode, present each agent's findings to the user before integration. For each agent that returned findings:

1. Summarize the agent and its target section — e.g., "The architecture-strategist reviewed Key Technical Decisions and found:"
2. Present the findings concisely — bullet the key points, not the raw agent output. Include enough context for the user to evaluate: what the agent found, what evidence supports it, and what plan change it implies.
3. Ask the user using the platform's blocking question tool when available (see Interaction Method):
   • Accept — integrate these findings into the plan
   • Reject — discard these findings entirely
   • Discuss — the user wants to talk through the findings before deciding

If the user chooses "Discuss", engage in brief dialogue about the findings and then re-ask with only accept/reject (no discuss option on the second ask). The user makes a deliberate choice either way.

When presenting findings from multiple agents targeting the same section, present them one agent at a time so the user can make independent decisions. Do not merge findings from different agents before showing them.

After all agents have been reviewed, carry only the accepted findings forward to 5.3.7.

If the user accepted no findings, report "No findings accepted — plan unchanged." If artifact-backed mode was used, clean up the scratch directory before continuing. Then proceed directly to Phase 5.4 (skip document-review and synthesis — the plan was not modified). This interactive-mode-only skip does not apply in auto mode; auto mode always proceeds through 5.3.7 and 5.3.8.

If findings were accepted and the plan was modified, proceed through 5.3.7 and 5.3.8 as normal — document-review acts as a quality gate on the changes.

5.3.7 Synthesize and Update the Plan

Strengthen only the selected sections. Keep the plan coherent and preserve its overall structure.

In interactive mode: Only integrate findings the user accepted in 5.3.6b. If some findings from different agents touch the same section, reconcile them coherently but do not reintroduce rejected findings.

Allowed changes:

• Clarify or strengthen decision rationale
• Tighten requirements trace or origin fidelity
• Reorder or split implementation units when sequencing is weak
• Add missing pattern references, file/test paths, or verification outcomes
• Expand system-wide impact, risks, or rollout treatment where justified
• Reclassify open questions between Resolved During Planning and Deferred to Implementation when evidence supports the change
• Strengthen, replace, or add a High-Level Technical Design section when the work warrants it and the current representation is weak
• Strengthen or add per-unit technical design fields where the unit's approach is non-obvious
• Add or update deepened: YYYY-MM-DD in frontmatter when the plan was substantively improved

Do not:

• Add implementation code — no imports, exact method signatures, or framework-specific syntax. Pseudo-code sketches and DSL grammars are allowed
• Add git commands, commit choreography, or exact test command recipes
• Add generic Research Insights subsections everywhere
• Rewrite the entire plan from scratch
• Invent new product requirements, scope changes, or success criteria without surfacing them explicitly

If research reveals a product-level ambiguity that should change behavior or scope:

• Do not silently decide it here
• Record it under Open Questions
• Recommend ce-brainstorm if the gap is truly product-defining

5.3.8 Document Review

After the confidence check (and any deepening), run the document-review skill on the plan file. Pass the plan path as the argument. When this step is reached, it is mandatory — do not skip it because the confidence check already ran. The two tools catch different classes of issues.

The confidence check and document-review are complementary:

• The confidence check strengthens rationale, sequencing, risk treatment, and grounding
• Document-review checks coherence, feasibility, scope alignment, and surfaces role-specific issues

If document-review returns findings that were auto-applied, note them briefly when presenting handoff options. If residual P0/P1 findings were surfaced, mention them so the user can decide whether to address them before proceeding.

When document-review returns "Review complete", proceed to Final Checks.

Pipeline mode: If invoked from an automated workflow such as LFG, SLFG, or any disable-model-invocation context, run document-review with mode:headless and the plan path. Headless mode applies auto-fixes silently and returns structured findings without interactive prompts. Address any P0/P1 findings before returning control to the caller.

5.3.9 Final Checks and Cleanup

Before proceeding to post-generation options:

• Confirm the plan is stronger in specific ways, not merely longer
• Confirm the planning boundary is intact
• Confirm origin decisions were preserved when an origin document exists

If artifact-backed mode was used:

• Clean up the temporary scratch directory after the plan is safely updated
• If cleanup is not practical on the current platform, note where the artifacts were left

5.4 Post-Generation Options

Pipeline mode: If invoked from an automated workflow such as LFG, SLFG, or any disable-model-invocation context, skip the interactive menu below and return control to the caller immediately. The plan file has already been written, the confidence check has already run, and document-review has already run — the caller (e.g., lfg, slfg) determines the next step.

After document-review completes, present the options using the platform's blocking question tool when available (see Interaction Method). Otherwise present numbered options in chat and wait for the user's reply before proceeding.

Question: "Plan ready at docs/plans/YYYY-MM-DD-NNN-<type>-<name>-plan.md. What would you like to do next?"

Options:

1. Start /ce-work - Begin implementing this plan in the current environment (recommended)
2. Open plan in editor - Open the plan file for review
3. Run additional document review - Another pass for further refinement
4. Share to Proof - Upload the plan for collaborative review and sharing
5. Start /ce-work in another session - Begin implementing in a separate agent session when the current platform supports it
6. Create Issue - Create an issue in the configured tracker

Based on selection:

• Open plan in editor → Open docs/plans/<plan_filename>.md using the current platform's file-open or editor mechanism (e.g., open on macOS, xdg-open on Linux, or the IDE's file-open API)
• Run additional document review → Load the document-review skill with the plan path for another pass
• Share to Proof → Upload the plan:

  CONTENT=$(cat docs/plans/<plan_filename>.md)
  TITLE="Plan: <plan title from frontmatter>"
  RESPONSE=$(curl -s -X POST https://www.proofeditor.ai/share/markdown \
    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
    -d "$(jq -n --arg title "$TITLE" --arg markdown "$CONTENT" --arg by "ai:compound" '{title: $title, markdown: $markdown, by: $by}')")
  PROOF_URL=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq -r '.tokenUrl')
  

  Display View & collaborate in Proof: <PROOF_URL> if successful, then return to the options
• /ce-work → Call /ce-work with the plan path
• /ce-work in another session → If the current platform supports launching a separate agent session, start /ce-work with the plan path there. Otherwise, explain the limitation briefly and offer to run /ce-work in the current session instead.
• Create Issue → Follow the Issue Creation section below
• Other → Accept free text for revisions and loop back to options

Issue Creation

When the user selects "Create Issue", detect their project tracker from AGENTS.md:

1. Look for project_tracker: github or project_tracker: linear

2. If GitHub:

   gh issue create --title "<type>: <title>" --body-file <plan_path>
   

3. If Linear:

   linear issue create --title "<title>" --description "$(cat <plan_path>)"
   

4. If no tracker is configured:

   • Ask which tracker they use using the platform's blocking question tool when available (see Interaction Method)
   • Suggest adding the tracker to AGENTS.md for future runs

After issue creation:

• Display the issue URL
• Ask whether to proceed to /ce-work

NEVER CODE! Research, decide, and write the plan.