Skill for pressure vessel design and analysis per ASME BPVC
Designs and analyzes pressure vessels per ASME BPVC standards for code compliance.
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The Pressure Vessel Design skill provides capabilities for designing and analyzing pressure vessels per ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, ensuring code compliance and safe operation.
| Aspect | Division 1 | Division 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Design basis | Design-by-rule | Design-by-analysis |
| Allowable stress | Lower | Higher |
| Safety factor | 3.5 (UTS) | 2.4 (UTS) |
| Analysis required | Limited | Detailed FEA |
| Typical application | General service | High pressure, critical |
Internal pressure:
t = (P * R) / (S * E - 0.6 * P)
External pressure:
t = iterative based on L/D_o and D_o/t
Where:
t = required thickness
P = design pressure
R = inside radius
S = allowable stress
E = joint efficiency
| Type | Stress Ratio | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Hemispherical | 0.5 | High pressure |
| 2:1 Elliptical | 1.0 | General purpose |
| Torispherical | 1.77 | Low pressure |
| Flat | Variable | Limited pressure |
| Conical | Variable | Transitions |
t = (P * D) / (2 * S * E - 0.2 * P)
Where:
D = inside diameter
S = allowable stress
E = joint efficiency
Required reinforcement area:
A = d * t_r * F
Where:
d = finished nozzle diameter
t_r = required shell thickness
F = correction factor for plane
Available area from:
- Excess shell thickness (A1)
- Excess nozzle thickness (A2)
- Reinforcing pad (A3)
- Weld area (A4, A5)
Criterion: A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 + A5 >= A
Horizontal limit: d or R + t_n + t
Vertical limit (shell): d or R + t_n + t
Vertical limit (nozzle): 2.5 * t_n or 2.5 * t + t_e
| Type | Rating | Application |
|---|---|---|
| Slip-on | 150-600 lb | General, lower pressure |
| Weld neck | 150-2500 lb | High pressure, critical |
| Socket weld | 150-600 lb | Small bore |
| Blind | 150-2500 lb | Closures |
| Lap joint | 150-600 lb | Corrosive service |
ASME B16.5 pressure-temperature ratings:
- Class 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, 2500
Select class where:
P_design <= P_rating at T_design
Impact test required if:
T_design < MDMT
MDMT determination:
1. Base MDMT from UCS-66 curves
2. Adjust for actual stress ratio
3. Consider coincident ratio
4. Apply Table UCS-66.1 reduction
Stress ratio reduction:
MDMT_adjusted = MDMT - temperature credit
If impact testing required:
- Test temperature <= MDMT - 30 F (typical)
- Minimum energy: 15 ft-lb (full size Charpy)
- Average of 3 specimens
- Single specimen minimum: 10 ft-lb
Division 1:
P_test = 1.3 * MAWP * (S_test / S_design)
Division 2:
P_test = 1.43 * MAWP * (S_test / S_design)
Where:
MAWP = Maximum Allowable Working Pressure
S_test = allowable stress at test temperature
S_design = allowable stress at design temperature
1. Fill vessel completely with water
2. Remove all air pockets
3. Apply test pressure slowly
4. Hold for minimum 10 minutes
5. Reduce to MAWP for inspection
6. Inspect all welds and connections
7. Document results
| Category | Symbol | Limit |
|---|---|---|
| General membrane | Pm | S |
| Local membrane | PL | 1.5S |
| Bending | Pb | 1.5S |
| Secondary | Q | 3S |
| Peak | F | Fatigue analysis |
Primary stress:
Pm <= S
PL <= 1.5S
PL + Pb <= 1.5S
Primary + Secondary:
PL + Pb + Q <= 3S
Fatigue:
Use peak stress F in fatigue curves
Required information:
- Manufacturer identification
- Vessel description and design data
- Material specifications
- Joint efficiencies
- Inspection data
- Test data
- Stamping information
{
"vessel_type": "pressure|vacuum|combined",
"design_conditions": {
"pressure": "number (psig or barg)",
"temperature": "number (F or C)",
"MDMT": "number (F or C)"
},
"geometry": {
"diameter": "number",
"length": "number",
"head_type": "elliptical|hemispherical|torispherical|flat"
},
"material": {
"shell": "string (SA-XXX)",
"heads": "string",
"nozzles": "string"
},
"code_edition": "string",
"division": "1|2"
}
{
"design_summary": {
"MAWP": "number",
"required_thicknesses": {
"shell": "number",
"heads": "number"
},
"selected_thicknesses": "object"
},
"nozzle_schedule": [
{
"size": "string",
"purpose": "string",
"reinforcement": "object"
}
],
"MDMT_evaluation": {
"MDMT": "number",
"impact_test_required": "boolean"
},
"hydrostatic_test": {
"test_pressure": "number",
"test_procedure": "string"
},
"code_compliance": {
"paragraph_references": "array",
"calculation_summary": "object"
},
"drawings_required": "array"
}
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