Create Webhook Handler

Automatically generate production-ready webhook endpoints with signature verification, idempotency, retry handling, event processing, and comprehensive security measures for reliable third-party integrations.

When to Use This Command

Use /create-webhook-handler when you need to:

• Receive real-time events from external services (Stripe, GitHub, Slack)
• Build event-driven architectures with external triggers
• Implement payment processing notifications
• Handle CI/CD pipeline events
• Process incoming data from IoT devices
• Create serverless event receivers

DON'T use this when:

• Building internal service communication (use message queues)
• Need guaranteed ordering (webhooks are best-effort)
• Handling large payloads (>10MB typically)
• Bidirectional communication needed (consider WebSockets)

Design Decisions

This command implements signature-based verification as the primary approach because:

• Industry-standard security practice (HMAC-SHA256)
• Prevents replay attacks with timestamp validation
• Ensures message integrity and authenticity
• Widely supported by webhook providers
• Simple to implement and verify
• Minimal overhead for validation

Alternative considered: OAuth token validation

• More complex setup required
• Additional network calls for validation
• Higher latency
• Recommended for user-authenticated webhooks

Alternative considered: mTLS (mutual TLS)

• Strongest security option
• Complex certificate management
• Not widely supported
• Recommended for enterprise B2B integrations

Prerequisites

Before running this command:

1. Webhook URL endpoint defined
2. Shared secret or signing key from provider
3. Event types to handle documented
4. Database for idempotency tracking
5. Queue system for async processing (optional)

Implementation Process

Step 1: Create Webhook Endpoint

Define secure POST endpoint with proper routing and middleware.

Step 2: Implement Signature Verification

Validate webhook authenticity using HMAC signatures.

Step 3: Add Idempotency Handling

Prevent duplicate processing of retried events.

Step 4: Route Events to Handlers

Dispatch events to appropriate processing functions.

Step 5: Configure Monitoring

Set up logging, metrics, and alerting for webhook health.

Output Format

The command generates:

• webhooks/handlers/ - Event-specific handler functions
• webhooks/middleware/ - Signature verification, rate limiting
• webhooks/routes.js - Webhook endpoint definitions
• webhooks/processors/ - Async event processors
• webhooks/schemas/ - Event validation schemas
• config/webhooks.json - Provider configurations
• tests/webhooks/ - Integration tests with mock events

Code Examples

Example 1: Multi-Provider Webhook System with Express

// webhooks/middleware/signature.js
const crypto = require('crypto');
const { WebhookError } = require('../errors');

class SignatureVerifier {
    constructor(config) {
        this.providers = config.providers;
        this.timestampTolerance = config.timestampTolerance || 300; // 5 minutes
    }

    // Stripe signature verification
    verifyStripe(payload, signature, secret) {
        const elements = signature.split(',');
        const timestamp = elements.find(e => e.startsWith('t=')).substring(2);
        const signatures = elements
            .filter(e => e.startsWith('v1='))
            .map(e => e.substring(3));

        // Check timestamp to prevent replay attacks
        const currentTime = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
        if (currentTime - parseInt(timestamp) > this.timestampTolerance) {
            throw new WebhookError('Webhook timestamp too old', 'TIMESTAMP_TOO_OLD');
        }

        // Calculate expected signature
        const signedPayload = `${timestamp}.${payload}`;
        const expectedSignature = crypto
            .createHmac('sha256', secret)
            .update(signedPayload)
            .digest('hex');

        // Compare signatures
        const validSignature = signatures.some(sig =>
            crypto.timingSafeEqual(
                Buffer.from(sig),
                Buffer.from(expectedSignature)
            )
        );

        if (!validSignature) {
            throw new WebhookError('Invalid signature', 'INVALID_SIGNATURE');
        }

        return true;
    }

    // GitHub signature verification
    verifyGitHub(payload, signature, secret) {
        if (!signature.startsWith('sha256=')) {
            throw new WebhookError('Invalid signature format', 'INVALID_FORMAT');
        }

        const expectedSignature = 'sha256=' + crypto
            .createHmac('sha256', secret)
            .update(payload)
            .digest('hex');

        const isValid = crypto.timingSafeEqual(
            Buffer.from(signature),
            Buffer.from(expectedSignature)
        );

        if (!isValid) {
            throw new WebhookError('Invalid signature', 'INVALID_SIGNATURE');
        }

        return true;
    }

    // Shopify signature verification
    verifyShopify(payload, signature, secret) {
        const hash = crypto
            .createHmac('sha256', secret)
            .update(payload, 'utf8')
            .digest('base64');

        const isValid = crypto.timingSafeEqual(
            Buffer.from(signature),
            Buffer.from(hash)
        );

        if (!isValid) {
            throw new WebhookError('Invalid signature', 'INVALID_SIGNATURE');
        }

        return true;
    }

    // Generic HMAC verification
    verifyHMAC(payload, signature, secret, algorithm = 'sha256') {
        const expectedSignature = crypto
            .createHmac(algorithm, secret)
            .update(payload)
            .digest('hex');

        const isValid = crypto.timingSafeEqual(
            Buffer.from(signature),
            Buffer.from(expectedSignature)
        );

        if (!isValid) {
            throw new WebhookError('Invalid signature', 'INVALID_SIGNATURE');
        }

        return true;
    }

    // Middleware factory
    createMiddleware(provider) {
        return async (req, res, next) => {
            try {
                const config = this.providers[provider];
                if (!config) {
                    throw new WebhookError('Unknown provider', 'UNKNOWN_PROVIDER');
                }

                const rawBody = req.rawBody || JSON.stringify(req.body);
                const signature = req.headers[config.headerName];

                if (!signature) {
                    throw new WebhookError('Missing signature', 'MISSING_SIGNATURE');
                }

                // Verify based on provider
                switch (provider) {
                    case 'stripe':
                        this.verifyStripe(rawBody, signature, config.secret);
                        break;
                    case 'github':
                        this.verifyGitHub(rawBody, signature, config.secret);
                        break;
                    case 'shopify':
                        this.verifyShopify(rawBody, signature, config.secret);
                        break;
                    default:
                        this.verifyHMAC(rawBody, signature, config.secret, config.algorithm);
                }

                // Add provider info to request
                req.webhookProvider = provider;
                req.webhookVerified = true;

                next();
            } catch (error) {
                console.error(`Webhook verification failed: ${error.message}`);
                res.status(401).json({
                    error: 'Webhook verification failed',
                    code: error.code || 'VERIFICATION_FAILED'
                });
            }
        };
    }
}

// webhooks/middleware/idempotency.js
class IdempotencyHandler {
    constructor(store) {
        this.store = store; // Redis or database
        this.ttl = 86400; // 24 hours
    }

    async middleware(req, res, next) {
        try {
            // Extract idempotency key
            const idempotencyKey =
                req.headers['idempotency-key'] ||
                req.body.id ||
                req.body.event_id ||
                this.generateKey(req);

            // Check if already processed
            const existing = await this.store.get(idempotencyKey);
            if (existing) {
                console.log(`Duplicate webhook detected: ${idempotencyKey}`);
                const result = JSON.parse(existing);
                return res.status(result.status).json(result.body);
            }

            // Store the key immediately to prevent race conditions
            await this.store.setNX(idempotencyKey, 'PROCESSING', this.ttl);

            // Attach key to request
            req.idempotencyKey = idempotencyKey;

            // Capture response
            const originalSend = res.json;
            res.json = function(body) {
                // Store the response
                const response = {
                    status: res.statusCode,
                    body: body
                };
                this.store.set(
                    idempotencyKey,
                    JSON.stringify(response),
                    this.ttl
                ).catch(err => console.error('Failed to store response:', err));

                // Send the original response
                return originalSend.call(res, body);
            }.bind(this);

            next();
        } catch (error) {
            console.error('Idempotency check failed:', error);
            next(); // Continue processing even if idempotency fails
        }
    }

    generateKey(req) {
        const content = JSON.stringify({
            provider: req.webhookProvider,
            body: req.body,
            timestamp: Math.floor(Date.now() / 60000) // 1-minute window
        });

        return crypto
            .createHash('sha256')
            .update(content)
            .digest('hex');
    }
}

// webhooks/handlers/stripe.js
const { Queue } = require('bull');
const { EventEmitter } = require('events');

class StripeWebhookHandler extends EventEmitter {
    constructor(config) {
        super();
        this.config = config;
        this.queue = new Queue('stripe-events', config.redis);
        this.setupProcessors();
    }

    async handleWebhook(req, res) {
        const event = req.body;

        // Log webhook receipt
        console.log(`Received Stripe webhook: ${event.type} (${event.id})`);

        try {
            // Validate event data
            this.validateEvent(event);

            // Queue for async processing
            const job = await this.queue.add(event.type, event, {
                attempts: 3,
                backoff: {
                    type: 'exponential',
                    delay: 2000
                },
                removeOnComplete: false,
                removeOnFail: false
            });

            // Emit event for real-time processing if needed
            this.emit(event.type, event);

            // Respond quickly to acknowledge receipt
            res.status(200).json({
                received: true,
                jobId: job.id,
                eventId: event.id
            });

        } catch (error) {
            console.error('Webhook processing error:', error);

            // Still return 200 to prevent retries if it's our error
            if (error.code === 'VALIDATION_ERROR') {
                res.status(200).json({
                    received: true,
                    error: 'Validation failed, event ignored'
                });
            } else {
                // Return 500 for Stripe to retry
                res.status(500).json({
                    error: 'Processing failed',
                    message: error.message
                });
            }
        }
    }

    validateEvent(event) {
        if (!event.type || !event.id || !event.data) {
            throw new Error('Invalid event structure');
        }

        // Additional validation based on event type
        switch (event.type) {
            case 'payment_intent.succeeded':
                if (!event.data.object.amount) {
                    throw new Error('Missing amount in payment_intent');
                }
                break;
            case 'customer.subscription.deleted':
                if (!event.data.object.customer) {
                    throw new Error('Missing customer in subscription');
                }
                break;
        }
    }

    setupProcessors() {
        // Payment succeeded
        this.queue.process('payment_intent.succeeded', async (job) => {
            const event = job.data;
            const payment = event.data.object;

            // Update order status
            await this.updateOrderStatus(payment.metadata.orderId, 'paid');

            // Send confirmation email
            await this.sendPaymentConfirmation(payment);

            // Update inventory
            await this.updateInventory(payment.metadata.orderId);

            // Analytics
            await this.trackRevenue(payment.amount / 100, payment.currency);

            return { processed: true, orderId: payment.metadata.orderId };
        });

        // Subscription canceled
        this.queue.process('customer.subscription.deleted', async (job) => {
            const event = job.data;
            const subscription = event.data.object;

            // Update user account
            await this.updateUserSubscription(subscription.customer, null);

            // Send cancellation email
            await this.sendCancellationEmail(subscription);

            // Clean up resources
            await this.cleanupUserResources(subscription.customer);

            return { processed: true, customerId: subscription.customer };
        });

        // Payment failed
        this.queue.process('payment_intent.payment_failed', async (job) => {
            const event = job.data;
            const payment = event.data.object;

            // Notify customer
            await this.sendPaymentFailedNotification(payment);

            // Update order status
            await this.updateOrderStatus(payment.metadata.orderId, 'payment_failed');

            // Alert operations team if high-value
            if (payment.amount > 100000) { // $1000+
                await this.alertOperationsTeam(payment);
            }

            return { processed: true, orderId: payment.metadata.orderId };
        });

        // Handle job failures
        this.queue.on('failed', (job, err) => {
            console.error(`Job ${job.id} failed:`, err);
            this.alertOnFailure(job, err);
        });

        // Monitor job completion
        this.queue.on('completed', (job, result) => {
            console.log(`Job ${job.id} completed:`, result);
        });
    }

    // Helper methods
    async updateOrderStatus(orderId, status) {
        // Implementation
    }

    async sendPaymentConfirmation(payment) {
        // Implementation
    }

    async updateInventory(orderId) {
        // Implementation
    }

    async trackRevenue(amount, currency) {
        // Implementation
    }

    async alertOnFailure(job, error) {
        // Send to monitoring service
    }
}

// webhooks/routes.js
const express = require('express');
const router = express.Router();
const { SignatureVerifier } = require('./middleware/signature');
const { IdempotencyHandler } = require('./middleware/idempotency');
const { RateLimiter } = require('./middleware/rateLimiter');
const { StripeWebhookHandler } = require('./handlers/stripe');
const { GitHubWebhookHandler } = require('./handlers/github');
const Redis = require('ioredis');

// Initialize middleware
const redis = new Redis(process.env.REDIS_URL);
const signatureVerifier = new SignatureVerifier({
    providers: {
        stripe: {
            secret: process.env.STRIPE_WEBHOOK_SECRET,
            headerName: 'stripe-signature'
        },
        github: {
            secret: process.env.GITHUB_WEBHOOK_SECRET,
            headerName: 'x-hub-signature-256'
        },
        shopify: {
            secret: process.env.SHOPIFY_WEBHOOK_SECRET,
            headerName: 'x-shopify-hmac-sha256'
        }
    },
    timestampTolerance: 300
});

const idempotencyHandler = new IdempotencyHandler(redis);
const rateLimiter = new RateLimiter({
    windowMs: 60000,
    maxRequests: 100,
    keyGenerator: (req) => req.webhookProvider
});

// Initialize handlers
const stripeHandler = new StripeWebhookHandler({ redis });
const githubHandler = new GitHubWebhookHandler({ redis });

// Stripe webhooks
router.post('/stripe',
    express.raw({ type: 'application/json' }),
    signatureVerifier.createMiddleware('stripe'),
    idempotencyHandler.middleware.bind(idempotencyHandler),
    rateLimiter.middleware(),
    stripeHandler.handleWebhook.bind(stripeHandler)
);

// GitHub webhooks
router.post('/github',
    express.json({ limit: '10mb' }),
    signatureVerifier.createMiddleware('github'),
    idempotencyHandler.middleware.bind(idempotencyHandler),
    rateLimiter.middleware(),
    githubHandler.handleWebhook.bind(githubHandler)
);

// Health check endpoint
router.get('/health', (req, res) => {
    res.json({
        status: 'healthy',
        providers: ['stripe', 'github', 'shopify'],
        timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
    });
});

module.exports = router;

Example 2: Serverless Webhook Handler with AWS Lambda

# webhook_handler.py - AWS Lambda function
import json
import hmac
import hashlib
import time
import boto3
from typing import Dict, Any, Optional
from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum

dynamodb = boto3.resource('dynamodb')
sqs = boto3.client('sqs')
sns = boto3.client('sns')

class WebhookProvider(Enum):
    STRIPE = "stripe"
    GITHUB = "github"
    SLACK = "slack"
    SENDGRID = "sendgrid"

@dataclass
class WebhookConfig:
    provider: WebhookProvider
    secret: str
    header_name: str
    algorithm: str = "sha256"
    timestamp_tolerance: int = 300

class WebhookValidator:
    """Validates webhook signatures from various providers."""

    @staticmethod
    def validate_stripe(body: str, signature: str, secret: str) -> bool:
        """Validate Stripe webhook signature."""
        elements = signature.split(',')
        timestamp = None
        signatures = []

        for element in elements:
            key, value = element.split('=')
            if key == 't':
                timestamp = value
            elif key == 'v1':
                signatures.append(value)

        if not timestamp:
            raise ValueError("No timestamp in signature")

        # Check timestamp
        current_time = int(time.time())
        if current_time - int(timestamp) > 300:  # 5 minutes
            raise ValueError("Timestamp too old")

        # Calculate expected signature
        signed_payload = f"{timestamp}.{body}"
        expected_sig = hmac.new(
            secret.encode('utf-8'),
            signed_payload.encode('utf-8'),
            hashlib.sha256
        ).hexdigest()

        # Compare signatures
        return any(
            hmac.compare_digest(sig, expected_sig)
            for sig in signatures
        )

    @staticmethod
    def validate_github(body: str, signature: str, secret: str) -> bool:
        """Validate GitHub webhook signature."""
        if not signature.startswith('sha256='):
            raise ValueError("Invalid signature format")

        expected = 'sha256=' + hmac.new(
            secret.encode('utf-8'),
            body.encode('utf-8'),
            hashlib.sha256
        ).hexdigest()

        return hmac.compare_digest(signature, expected)

    @staticmethod
    def validate_generic(
        body: str,
        signature: str,
        secret: str,
        algorithm: str = "sha256"
    ) -> bool:
        """Generic HMAC validation."""
        hash_func = getattr(hashlib, algorithm)
        expected = hmac.new(
            secret.encode('utf-8'),
            body.encode('utf-8'),
            hash_func
        ).hexdigest()

        return hmac.compare_digest(signature, expected)

class IdempotencyManager:
    """Manages idempotent processing of webhooks."""

    def __init__(self, table_name: str):
        self.table = dynamodb.Table(table_name)

    async def check_and_record(self, event_id: str) -> bool:
        """Check if event was already processed and record it."""
        try:
            # Try to create item with conditional check
            self.table.put_item(
                Item={
                    'event_id': event_id,
                    'processed_at': int(time.time()),
                    'ttl': int(time.time()) + 86400  # 24 hour TTL
                },
                ConditionExpression='attribute_not_exists(event_id)'
            )
            return False  # Not processed before
        except Exception as e:
            if 'ConditionalCheckFailedException' in str(e):
                return True  # Already processed
            raise

class WebhookProcessor:
    """Processes webhook events asynchronously."""

    def __init__(self, queue_url: str, topic_arn: str):
        self.queue_url = queue_url
        self.topic_arn = topic_arn

    async def process_stripe_event(self, event: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Process Stripe webhook events."""
        event_type = event.get('type')
        event_data = event.get('data', {}).get('object', {})

        handlers = {
            'payment_intent.succeeded': self.handle_payment_success,
            'payment_intent.failed': self.handle_payment_failure,
            'customer.subscription.created': self.handle_subscription_created,
            'customer.subscription.deleted': self.handle_subscription_deleted,
            'invoice.payment_failed': self.handle_invoice_failed
        }

        handler = handlers.get(event_type)
        if handler:
            return await handler(event_data)
        else:
            print(f"No handler for event type: {event_type}")
            return {'processed': False, 'reason': 'No handler'}

    async def handle_payment_success(self, payment: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Handle successful payment."""
        # Queue order fulfillment
        await self.queue_message({
            'action': 'fulfill_order',
            'order_id': payment.get('metadata', {}).get('order_id'),
            'amount': payment.get('amount'),
            'currency': payment.get('currency')
        })

        # Send notification
        await self.send_notification({
            'type': 'payment_success',
            'customer_email': payment.get('receipt_email'),
            'amount': payment.get('amount') / 100
        })

        return {'processed': True, 'action': 'payment_processed'}

    async def queue_message(self, message: Dict[str, Any]):
        """Queue message for async processing."""
        sqs.send_message(
            QueueUrl=self.queue_url,
            MessageBody=json.dumps(message),
            MessageAttributes={
                'Type': {
                    'StringValue': message.get('action', 'unknown'),
                    'DataType': 'String'
                }
            }
        )

    async def send_notification(self, notification: Dict[str, Any]):
        """Send SNS notification."""
        sns.publish(
            TopicArn=self.topic_arn,
            Message=json.dumps(notification),
            Subject=f"Webhook Event: {notification.get('type')}"
        )

def lambda_handler(event: Dict[str, Any], context: Any) -> Dict[str, Any]:
    """AWS Lambda handler for webhook processing."""

    # Parse request
    body = event.get('body', '')
    headers = event.get('headers', {})
    path = event.get('path', '')

    # Determine provider from path
    provider = path.split('/')[-1]  # /webhooks/stripe -> stripe

    try:
        # Get configuration
        config = WebhookConfig(
            provider=WebhookProvider(provider),
            secret=os.environ[f'{provider.upper()}_WEBHOOK_SECRET'],
            header_name=headers.get('x-webhook-header', 'signature')
        )

        # Validate signature
        validator = WebhookValidator()
        signature = headers.get(config.header_name)

        if not signature:
            return {
                'statusCode': 401,
                'body': json.dumps({'error': 'Missing signature'})
            }

        is_valid = False
        if config.provider == WebhookProvider.STRIPE:
            is_valid = validator.validate_stripe(body, signature, config.secret)
        elif config.provider == WebhookProvider.GITHUB:
            is_valid = validator.validate_github(body, signature, config.secret)
        else:
            is_valid = validator.validate_generic(
                body, signature, config.secret, config.algorithm
            )

        if not is_valid:
            return {
                'statusCode': 401,
                'body': json.dumps({'error': 'Invalid signature'})
            }

        # Parse body
        webhook_data = json.loads(body)

        # Check idempotency
        idempotency = IdempotencyManager('webhook-events')
        event_id = webhook_data.get('id') or webhook_data.get('event_id')

        if await idempotency.check_and_record(event_id):
            return {
                'statusCode': 200,
                'body': json.dumps({'message': 'Already processed'})
            }

        # Process webhook
        processor = WebhookProcessor(
            queue_url=os.environ['SQS_QUEUE_URL'],
            topic_arn=os.environ['SNS_TOPIC_ARN']
        )

        if config.provider == WebhookProvider.STRIPE:
            result = await processor.process_stripe_event(webhook_data)
        else:
            # Queue for processing
            await processor.queue_message({
                'provider': provider,
                'event': webhook_data
            })
            result = {'queued': True}

        return {
            'statusCode': 200,
            'body': json.dumps(result)
        }

    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Webhook processing error: {str(e)}")

        # Return 200 to prevent retries for our errors
        if 'Validation' in str(e):
            return {
                'statusCode': 200,
                'body': json.dumps({'error': 'Validation failed'})
            }

        # Return 500 for provider to retry
        return {
            'statusCode': 500,
            'body': json.dumps({'error': 'Processing failed'})
        }

Example 3: Testing Webhook Handlers

// tests/webhook.test.js
const request = require('supertest');
const crypto = require('crypto');
const app = require('../app');
const Redis = require('ioredis-mock');

describe('Webhook Handler Tests', () => {
    let redis;

    beforeEach(() => {
        redis = new Redis();
    });

    describe('Stripe Webhooks', () => {
        const secret = 'whsec_test_secret';

        function generateStripeSignature(payload, secret) {
            const timestamp = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000);
            const signedPayload = `${timestamp}.${payload}`;
            const signature = crypto
                .createHmac('sha256', secret)
                .update(signedPayload)
                .digest('hex');

            return `t=${timestamp},v1=${signature}`;
        }

        it('should accept valid webhook with correct signature', async () => {
            const payload = JSON.stringify({
                id: 'evt_test_123',
                type: 'payment_intent.succeeded',
                data: {
                    object: {
                        id: 'pi_test_123',
                        amount: 2000,
                        currency: 'usd',
                        metadata: {
                            order_id: 'order_123'
                        }
                    }
                }
            });

            const signature = generateStripeSignature(payload, secret);

            const response = await request(app)
                .post('/webhooks/stripe')
                .set('stripe-signature', signature)
                .set('Content-Type', 'application/json')
                .send(payload)
                .expect(200);

            expect(response.body.received).toBe(true);
            expect(response.body.eventId).toBe('evt_test_123');
        });

        it('should reject webhook with invalid signature', async () => {
            const payload = JSON.stringify({
                id: 'evt_test_123',
                type: 'payment_intent.succeeded'
            });

            await request(app)
                .post('/webhooks/stripe')
                .set('stripe-signature', 'invalid_signature')
                .send(payload)
                .expect(401);
        });

        it('should handle idempotent requests', async () => {
            const payload = JSON.stringify({
                id: 'evt_test_duplicate',
                type: 'payment_intent.succeeded',
                data: { object: { amount: 1000 } }
            });

            const signature = generateStripeSignature(payload, secret);

            // First request
            const response1 = await request(app)
                .post('/webhooks/stripe')
                .set('stripe-signature', signature)
                .send(payload)
                .expect(200);

            // Duplicate request
            const response2 = await request(app)
                .post('/webhooks/stripe')
                .set('stripe-signature', signature)
                .send(payload)
                .expect(200);

            // Both should return same response
            expect(response1.body).toEqual(response2.body);
        });

        it('should reject old timestamps', async () => {
            const oldTimestamp = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) - 400; // 6+ minutes old
            const payload = JSON.stringify({
                id: 'evt_old',
                type: 'payment_intent.succeeded'
            });

            const signedPayload = `${oldTimestamp}.${payload}`;
            const signature = crypto
                .createHmac('sha256', secret)
                .update(signedPayload)
                .digest('hex');

            const signatureHeader = `t=${oldTimestamp},v1=${signature}`;

            await request(app)
                .post('/webhooks/stripe')
                .set('stripe-signature', signatureHeader)
                .send(payload)
                .expect(401);
        });
    });

    describe('GitHub Webhooks', () => {
        const secret = 'github_secret';

        function generateGitHubSignature(payload, secret) {
            return 'sha256=' + crypto
                .createHmac('sha256', secret)
                .update(payload)
                .digest('hex');
        }

        it('should process push event', async () => {
            const payload = JSON.stringify({
                ref: 'refs/heads/main',
                repository: {
                    name: 'test-repo',
                    full_name: 'user/test-repo'
                },
                commits: [{
                    id: 'abc123',
                    message: 'Test commit'
                }]
            });

            const signature = generateGitHubSignature(payload, secret);

            const response = await request(app)
                .post('/webhooks/github')
                .set('x-hub-signature-256', signature)
                .set('x-github-event', 'push')
                .send(payload)
                .expect(200);

            expect(response.body.received).toBe(true);
        });
    });

    describe('Rate Limiting', () => {
        it('should rate limit excessive requests', async () => {
            const payload = JSON.stringify({
                id: 'evt_rate_test',
                type: 'test.event'
            });

            const signature = generateStripeSignature(payload, 'test_secret');

            // Make many requests
            const requests = [];
            for (let i = 0; i < 150; i++) {
                requests.push(
                    request(app)
                        .post('/webhooks/stripe')
                        .set('stripe-signature', signature)
                        .send(payload)
                );
            }

            const responses = await Promise.all(requests);
            const rateLimited = responses.filter(r => r.status === 429);

            expect(rateLimited.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
        });
    });
});

Error Handling

Error	Cause	Solution
"Invalid signature"	Wrong secret or tampered payload	Verify secret key configuration
"Timestamp too old"	Webhook delivered late	Increase tolerance or check delays
"Duplicate event"	Webhook retried by provider	Idempotency working correctly
"Processing timeout"	Long-running handler	Move to async queue processing
"Rate limit exceeded"	Too many webhooks	Increase limits or optimize

Configuration Options

Security Options

• signatureAlgorithm: HMAC-SHA256, HMAC-SHA512
• timestampTolerance: Maximum age of webhook (seconds)
• ipAllowlist: Restrict to provider IPs
• rateLimits: Per-provider rate limiting

Processing Options

• asyncProcessing: Queue events for background processing
• retryAttempts: Number of processing retries
• deadLetterQueue: Failed event storage
• parallelProcessing: Concurrent event handling

Best Practices

DO:

• Always verify signatures before processing
• Respond quickly (< 5 seconds) to webhook
• Implement idempotency for all handlers
• Log all webhook events for audit
• Use async processing for heavy operations
• Monitor webhook health and success rates

DON'T:

• Process webhooks synchronously if slow
• Trust webhook data without validation
• Ignore timestamp verification
• Return errors for duplicate events
• Skip rate limiting
• Store sensitive webhook data in logs

Performance Considerations

• Use connection pooling for database operations
• Queue heavy processing asynchronously
• Implement circuit breakers for downstream services
• Cache frequently accessed data
• Use bulk operations where possible
• Monitor processing latency and queue depth

Security Considerations

• Always use HTTPS endpoints
• Rotate webhook secrets regularly
• Implement IP allowlisting for critical webhooks
• Never log full webhook payloads with sensitive data
• Use separate secrets per environment
• Monitor for replay attacks
• Implement webhook firewall rules

Related Commands

• /api-event-emitter - Create event systems
• /api-gateway-builder - Build API gateways
• /message-queue-setup - Configure message queues
• /serverless-function - Create Lambda handlers
• /monitoring-setup - Add monitoring

Version History

• v1.0.0 (2024-10): Initial implementation with Stripe, GitHub, Shopify support
• Planned v1.1.0: Add Twilio, SendGrid, and Slack webhook handlers