Workflow: Code Review

A defense-oriented multi-phase code review. Validates feature completeness against acceptance criteria, catches real bugs (not just style), and separates introduced issues from pre-existing debt.

Trigger phrases: "review this code", "code review", "check this PR", "review this branch", /code-review

---

Phase 1 — Gather Context

Collect ALL context before reading a single line of code:

1a. Understand the ticket

• Extract every acceptance criterion as a testable checklist item
• Note what should NOT happen (negative criteria are easy to miss)

1b. Get the full diff — never filter early

# Find the merge base
git merge-base <branch> origin/master

# See exactly which files changed
git diff <base>...<branch> --stat

# Read every change — no file filters
git diff <base>...<branch>

# Understand commit history
git log <base>...<branch> --oneline

Read EVERY changed file including constants, configs, migrations, and small utility files. A change to a constants array has more behavioral impact than most new classes.

1c. Check project standards

Read SKILL.md → Project Defaults. These are mandatory constraints — violations are findings.

---

Phase 2 — Acceptance Criteria Validation

For EACH acceptance criterion:

1. Locate the code that implements it
2. Trace the logic end-to-end (controller → action → service → repo → DB)
3. Verify edge cases in the AC are handled
4. Confirm a test covers it

Output table:

Criterion	Status	Evidence
[criterion text]	PASS / FAIL / VERIFY	[file:line or explanation]

If a criterion says "X should NOT happen" — find the explicit code preventing it. Absence is not protection.

---

Phase 3 — Structural Review

Work through each section. Flag every violation.

3.1 File Basics (Every File)

• declare(strict_types=1) present
• Every method has return type and parameter types
• No mixed unless truly unavoidable
• No nested ternaries — match used instead
• No magic numbers or hardcoded business-meaning strings
• No commented-out code
• No env() calls outside config/*.php

3.2 Dependency Injection

• All constructor deps use private readonly promotion
• No services/actions/repos instantiated with new
• No resolve() or app() inside constructors (acceptable only in traits/static methods)
• No static calls on injectable classes

3.3 Controllers

• Extends base Controller
• No business logic in controller methods
• No query building in controller methods
• Uses $request->validated() — no $request->all() or $request->except()
• All messages use trans()
• All responses use ApiResponse trait methods
• All model data wrapped in a Resource
• responseCreated() for store, responseDeleted() for destroy
• Authorization uses $this->authorize()
• Sensitive routes have throttle middleware

3.4 Models

• $fillable explicitly defined — no $guarded = []
• $casts covers booleans, enums, arrays, dates
• Filterable trait and $default_filters bound for filterable models
• ULID models have HasUlids trait + $keyType = 'string' + $incrementing = false
• No external service calls in model methods
• Scopes accept optional $userId — no hardcoded auth()->id()
• No scope for simple single-column conditions

3.5 Filters

• Extends QueryFilters
• $allowedFilters and $allowedSorts populated
• Custom filter methods operate on $this->builder, return void
• No auth()->id() hardcoded
• Bound on model via $default_filters
• Controller does NOT hardcode with() for relationships listed in $allowedIncludes

3.6 Resources

• Every relationship uses whenLoaded()
• Conditional fields use $this->when() — no inline ternaries that null a field
• No ->exists(), ->count(), ->first() inside toArray()
• All timestamps use dateTimeFormat()
• No business logic inside toArray()

3.7 Form Requests

• Separate Create and Update requests
• Update uses sometimes for optional fields
• authorize() returns true (auth in Policy, not here)
• Enum validation uses Rule::in(Enum::values())

3.8 Actions & Services

• Actions are final readonly class
• Single public execute() method
• No HTTP concerns ($request, response(), redirect())
• No query/filter building inside Actions
• Services have Interface + Concrete + Mock + ServiceProvider
• Services throw exceptions — never return HTTP responses

3.9 DTOs

• final readonly class with private constructor promotion
• Getter methods — no public properties
• Immutable — no setters
• Used when params would be array or exceed 3

3.10 Events

• Event properties are private readonly with getter methods
• Listeners implement ShouldQueue for I/O
• Events dispatched AFTER main operation, OUTSIDE DB::transaction()

3.10b Jobs

• Implements ShouldQueue
• Defines $tries, $backoff, and $timeout
• No auth()->id(), request(), or HTTP-context helpers inside handle()
• Not dispatched inside DB::transaction()
• Idempotent — safe to retry without duplicating side effects
• Constructor receives only serializable data (primitives, model IDs, models via SerializesModels)
• Mutable state re-fetched in handle() — not trusted from serialized constructor data

3.11 Database

• New tables follow project's PK convention
• Multi-table writes wrapped in DB::transaction()
• DB::table() NOT used when an Eloquent model exists — raw query builder bypasses soft deletes, global scopes, and model events
• Bulk updates use whereIn()->update()
• Counter columns use increment()/decrement()

3.12 Constants — Watch for Array Modifications

If a constants array was modified (item added or removed):

• This is a behavioral change affecting ALL consumers of that constant, not just new code
• Trace every usage of the modified constant across the codebase
• Removing an item from a status/type array can silently disable paths other features depend on
• Explain why the change is safe for EACH consumer

3.13 Tests

• Feature test exists for every endpoint action
• Uses factories — no hardcoded IDs
• Uses RefreshDatabase
• Asserts response status AND database state for writes
• Asserts JSON structure for reads
• Tests at least one failure path (unauthenticated, invalid input, forbidden)
• Expected values are hardcoded in tests — not reusing implementation constants
• Time-dependent tests freeze time with $this->travelTo()
• If code has multiple execution modes (DB vs Redis, cached vs fresh) — tests cover both

---

Phase 4 — Defense Review (Where Real Bugs Hide)

Switch to adversarial mode. For each piece of logic, ask:

Data Integrity

• Can two concurrent requests corrupt this data? (race conditions, TOCTOU)
• If this fails midway, is partial data left behind? (DB::transaction() needed?)
• Can this produce duplicate records? (unique constraints, upsert?)
• Are counter columns updated atomically? (increment() vs read-modify-save)
• If a file/image is overwritten, is the old file cleaned up from storage? (orphaned files accumulate silently)

Data Source Validation

Do NOT treat method calls as black boxes. When new code calls a method to retrieve records:

• Read the method and understand EXACTLY what records it returns
• Ask: "Does every record type this method returns qualify for this new use case?"
• A method named getActiveOrders() might include recently-completed orders, transitional states, or records within a grace window that make them stale for the new purpose
• Pay attention to time-window inclusions — "ARRIVED orders within last 30 minutes" may be operationally invalid for a feature that assumes truly active records
• Negative tests: verify that invalid/edge-status records do NOT trigger the new behavior

Consistency Between Methods

• If a bug was fixed in one method, was the SAME fix applied to sibling methods?
• Are similar classes (same pattern) consistent with each other?
• Check base classes and traits before flagging a missing method — it may be inherited

Query Correctness

• Will this query scale? (missing index on WHERE/ORDER BY columns)
• Is there an N+1 hidden behind a loop, collection map, or resource?
• Does ->get() load the entire table when it should paginate/chunk?
• Are date comparisons timezone-aware? (UTC in DB, local in user input)
• ->pluck('key') on a collection with duplicate keys silently drops records — use ->keyBy() and validate cardinality
• Soft-deleted records handled in all queries that need to include/exclude them?

Cache & State

• If cached data is stale, what breaks? How is it invalidated?
• Is auth()->id() used in a queued job? (always null in queue context)
• Are enum comparisons using the enum case, not a raw string?

Serialization & Queues

• Models passed to queue jobs — will they still exist when the job runs?
• Can the listener fail and retry safely? (idempotent?)
• Does the event carry its own data, or does it rely on DB state that may change before the listener runs?

Identifiers

• uniqid() is microsecond-based and collision-prone under concurrent requests — use Str::uuid() or Str::ulid() instead

Docblocks vs Reality

• Do comments/docblocks match what the code actually does?
• Are "no DB hit" or "lightweight" claims actually true?

Edge Cases

• What happens with empty input? (empty array, null, empty string)
• What if the related model is soft-deleted?
• Off-by-one: is >= correct vs >? Is the boundary tested?

---

Phase 5 — Scope Discipline

Classify every finding before reporting:

Finding	Introduced or Pre-existing?	Verdict
N+1 in UserResource	Pre-existing (file not changed)	Note for backlog, don't block
Missing trans() on new message	Introduced	Must fix

Rules:

• Only block the PR for issues introduced by this change
• Pre-existing issues get logged but don't block merge — file separate tickets
• "Existing pattern" defense: if a file already uses a pattern (inline validation, etc.), the developer following that pattern is acceptable. Refactoring mid-feature is scope creep. EXCEPTION: if the developer rewrote the code (changed constructor, replaced logic), they must use the correct standard — "I was just swapping a dependency" is not a defense if they changed the signature

---

Phase 6 — Final Report

Summary

One paragraph: what the change does, overall quality assessment.

Acceptance Criteria Table

The table from Phase 2.

Findings Table

#	Severity	File:Line	Finding	Action
1	CRITICAL	CarController.php:45	$request->all() used	Must fix
2	HIGH	CarResource.php:12	$this->owner without whenLoaded()	Must fix
3	MEDIUM	CarFilters.php:8	Missing created_at in $allowedSorts	Should fix

Severity Definitions

CRITICAL (block merge) — real production risk only:

• Production bugs, data loss, security issues, data integrity risks
• $request->all() used anywhere
• response()->json() used directly
• Business logic in controller
• N+1 via unguarded relationship in Resource
• Race condition or data corruption risk
• Missing DB::transaction() on multi-table write
• auth()->id() in queued job/listener
• Cross-domain joins or eager loading in Repositories/Models (DDD projects)
• DB::table() used when Eloquent model exists (bypasses soft deletes)
• Constants array modified with undocumented impact on consumers

HIGH (must fix before merge):

• Missing return types or parameter types
• Hardcoded user-facing strings (no trans())
• new ServiceClass() instead of DI
• ->paginate() instead of ->dynamicPaginate()
• Missing test for new endpoint
• Event properties exposed as public
• uniqid() used for identifiers (collision-prone)
• pluck() with duplicate key risk causing data loss

MEDIUM (fix or note for backlog):

• Nested ternaries instead of match
• Missing $casts for booleans
• Enum values hardcoded in validation
• ->format() instead of dateTimeFormat()
• Orphaned storage files (old image not deleted)
• Docblock doesn't match implementation

---

Phase 7 — Practical Impact Assessment

Before rating severity, evaluate actual real-world impact:

N+1 and Query Scale

• Count the realistic cardinality. A query-per-item in a loop of 1-4 items with indexed lookups is different from a loop of hundreds.
• Still flag the pattern if the fix is simple — the method may be called in a different context with higher cardinality later.
• For Rule::exists() on array inputs: Laravel runs one query per item. For small fixed-size arrays (< 10 items) this is acceptable. For variable-size arrays, use a single whereIn()->count() check.

Validation Over-Engineering

• Validation should prevent invalid states, not re-implement runtime logic.
• If runtime code handles a "wrong but harmless" value gracefully, validation doesn't need to duplicate that check.
• Simple exists:table,id is usually sufficient. Reserve complex closures for cases where invalid data causes actual harm.

Visibility of Failure

• Is the failure mode visible (500 error, failed job) or silent (wrong data silently saved)?
• Silent failures are always higher severity regardless of frequency.

Reversibility

• Is it reversible (config change, cache flush) or permanent (data corrupted, files deleted)?

Key principles:

• Read every file. Do not summarize without reading.
• Be specific. Every finding must reference a file and line. Vague findings are worthless.
• No false positives. If you're unsure, investigate deeper before including the finding.
• Trace inheritance. Before flagging a missing trait or method, check if the base class provides it.
• Defend your findings. If you can't counter a developer's pushback, drop the finding — don't waste review cycles on noise.