Python開発支援（FastAPI/Pydantic/uv）。 型ヒント、ruff、mypyでモダンPython開発をガイド。
/plugin marketplace add sk8metalme/ai-agent-setup/plugin install lang-python@ai-agent-setupThis skill is limited to using the following tools:
このファイルはPython開発に特化した設定を定義します。
最新の安定版バージョンは以下の公式ドキュメントを参照してください：
| 技術 | 公式ドキュメント | 用途 |
|---|---|---|
| Python | Python Downloads | バージョン確認・ダウンロード |
| Python Status | Python Developer's Guide | サポート状況確認 |
| FastAPI | FastAPI (PyPI) | 最新版・リリース履歴 |
| Pydantic | Pydantic (PyPI) | 最新版・リリース履歴 |
| Uvicorn | Uvicorn (PyPI) | 最新版・リリース履歴 |
| SQLAlchemy | SQLAlchemy (PyPI) | 最新版・リリース履歴 |
| pytest | pytest (PyPI) | 最新版・リリース履歴 |
| ruff | ruff (PyPI) | 最新版・リリース履歴 |
| mypy | mypy (PyPI) | 最新版・リリース履歴 |
| uv | uv GitHub | 公式リポジトリ |
最新の安定版バージョンは上記の公式ドキュメントリファレンスで確認してください。
my-project/
├── src/
│ └── myproject/ # パッケージ名
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── main.py # FastAPIアプリケーション
│ ├── config/ # 設定
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── settings.py
│ ├── api/ # APIエンドポイント
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── deps.py # 依存性注入
│ │ └── v1/
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── endpoints/
│ ├── core/ # コアロジック
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ ├── security.py # セキュリティ
│ │ └── database.py # データベース設定
│ ├── models/ # SQLAlchemyモデル
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── user.py
│ ├── schemas/ # Pydanticスキーマ
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── user.py
│ ├── services/ # ビジネスロジック
│ │ ├── __init__.py
│ │ └── user_service.py
│ └── utils/ # ユーティリティ
│ ├── __init__.py
│ └── helpers.py
├── tests/ # テストコード
│ ├── __init__.py
│ ├── conftest.py # pytest設定
│ ├── test_api/
│ └── test_services/
├── notebooks/ # Jupyter Notebook
│ ├── 01_eda.ipynb # 探索的データ分析
│ ├── 02_modeling.ipynb # モデリング
│ └── 03_evaluation.ipynb # 評価
├── docs/ # ドキュメント
├── scripts/ # スクリプト
├── .pre-commit-config.yaml # pre-commit設定
├── pyproject.toml # プロジェクト設定
├── uv.lock # 依存関係ロック
└── README.md
[project]
name = "my-project"
version = "0.1.0"
description = "Modern Python project with FastAPI"
authors = [{name = "Your Name", email = "you@example.com"}]
readme = "README.md"
license = {text = "MIT"}
requires-python = ">=3.10"
keywords = ["fastapi", "python", "api"]
classifiers = [
"Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
"Intended Audience :: Developers",
"License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
]
# 最新版は公式ドキュメントリファレンスのPyPIリンクで確認してください
dependencies = [
"fastapi>=0.115.0", # https://pypi.org/project/fastapi/ (参考値: 2025年12月時点)
"uvicorn[standard]>=0.30.0", # https://pypi.org/project/uvicorn/ (参考値: 2025年12月時点)
"pydantic>=2.10.0", # https://pypi.org/project/pydantic/ (参考値: 2025年12月時点)
"sqlalchemy>=2.0.0", # https://pypi.org/project/SQLAlchemy/ (参考値: 2025年12月時点)
"alembic>=1.13.0",
"passlib[bcrypt]>=1.7.4",
"python-jose[cryptography]>=3.3.0",
"httpx>=0.25.0",
]
[project.optional-dependencies]
# 最新版は公式ドキュメントリファレンスのPyPIリンクで確認してください
dev = [
"pytest>=8.0.0", # https://pypi.org/project/pytest/ (参考値: 2025年12月時点)
"pytest-asyncio>=0.21.0",
"pytest-cov>=4.1.0",
"ruff>=0.8.0", # https://pypi.org/project/ruff/ (参考値: 2025年12月時点)
"mypy>=1.13.0", # https://pypi.org/project/mypy/ (参考値: 2025年12月時点)
"pre-commit>=3.5.0",
]
[build-system]
requires = ["hatchling"]
build-backend = "hatchling.build"
# ruff設定（Black + isort + flake8を統合）
[tool.ruff]
line-length = 88
target-version = "py310"
src = ["src"]
[tool.ruff.lint]
select = [
"E", # pycodestyle errors
"W", # pycodestyle warnings
"F", # pyflakes
"I", # isort
"B", # flake8-bugbear
"C4", # flake8-comprehensions
"UP", # pyupgrade
"ARG001", # unused-function-args
"SIM", # flake8-simplify
]
ignore = [
"E501", # line too long, handled by black
"B008", # do not perform function calls in argument defaults
]
[tool.ruff.format]
quote-style = "double"
indent-style = "space"
skip-magic-trailing-comma = false
line-ending = "auto"
[tool.mypy]
python_version = "3.10"
strict = true
warn_return_any = true
warn_unused_configs = true
disallow_untyped_defs = true
disallow_any_generics = true
no_implicit_optional = true
show_error_codes = true
[tool.pytest.ini_options]
testpaths = ["tests"]
python_files = ["test_*.py", "*_test.py"]
python_classes = ["Test*"]
python_functions = ["test_*"]
addopts = [
"--strict-markers",
"--strict-config",
"--cov=src",
"--cov-report=term-missing",
"--cov-report=html",
"--cov-fail-under=95",
]
repos:
- repo: https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff-pre-commit
rev: v0.1.9
hooks:
- id: ruff
args: [--fix, --exit-non-zero-on-fix]
- id: ruff-format
- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/mirrors-mypy
rev: v1.7.1
hooks:
- id: mypy
additional_dependencies: [types-all]
- repo: https://github.com/pre-commit/pre-commit-hooks
rev: v4.5.0
hooks:
- id: trailing-whitespace
- id: end-of-file-fixer
- id: check-yaml
- id: check-added-large-files
- id: check-merge-conflict
- repo: https://github.com/python-security/bandit
rev: 1.7.5
hooks:
- id: bandit
args: ["-c", "pyproject.toml"]
# Python バージョン管理
uv python install 3.11
uv python pin 3.11
# プロジェクト初期化
uv init my-project
cd my-project
# 依存関係追加
uv add fastapi uvicorn[standard]
uv add --dev pytest ruff mypy
# 仮想環境でコマンド実行
uv run python main.py
uv run pytest
uv run ruff check .
uv run mypy src/
# pre-commitセットアップ
uv run pre-commit install
"""モジュールのドキュメント文字列"""
from __future__ import annotations
from typing import Optional, List, Dict, Any
import logging
from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, HTTPException
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class UserCreate(BaseModel):
"""ユーザー作成用スキーマ"""
name: str = Field(..., min_length=1, max_length=100)
email: str = Field(..., regex=r'^[^@]+@[^@]+\.[^@]+$')
age: Optional[int] = Field(None, ge=0, le=150)
class UserResponse(BaseModel):
"""ユーザー応答用スキーマ"""
id: int
name: str
email: str
age: Optional[int] = None
class Config:
from_attributes = True
def get_db():
"""データベースセッション取得"""
# 実装は省略
pass
def create_user(
user_data: UserCreate,
db: Session = Depends(get_db)
) -> UserResponse:
"""ユーザーを作成する
Args:
user_data: ユーザー作成データ
db: データベースセッション
Returns:
作成されたユーザー情報
Raises:
HTTPException: ユーザー作成に失敗した場合
"""
try:
# ビジネスロジックの実装
# User モデルは models/user.py で定義されている想定
from app.models.user import User
user = User(**user_data.model_dump())
db.add(user)
db.commit()
db.refresh(user)
logger.info(f"ユーザーを作成しました: {user.id}")
return UserResponse.model_validate(user)
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"ユーザー作成エラー: {e}")
db.rollback()
raise HTTPException(
status_code=500,
detail="ユーザーの作成に失敗しました"
)
from typing import Optional, List, Dict, Union, Callable, Any
from collections.abc import Sequence, Mapping
# 基本的な型ヒント
def calculate_total(
items: List[Dict[str, float]],
tax_rate: float = 0.1
) -> float:
"""合計金額を計算する"""
return sum(item["price"] for item in items) * (1 + tax_rate)
# 複雑な型ヒント
UserData = Dict[str, Union[str, int, bool]]
ProcessorFunc = Callable[[str], Optional[str]]
def process_users(
users: Sequence[UserData],
processor: ProcessorFunc
) -> List[Optional[str]]:
"""ユーザーデータを処理する"""
return [processor(user.get("name", "")) for user in users]
import logging
from typing import Optional
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class CustomError(Exception):
"""カスタム例外クラス"""
def __init__(self, message: str, code: Optional[str] = None):
self.message = message
self.code = code
super().__init__(self.message)
@asynccontextmanager
async def database_transaction(db):
"""データベーストランザクション管理（非同期セッション用）"""
try:
yield db
await db.commit()
except Exception as e:
await db.rollback()
logger.error(f"トランザクションエラー: {e}")
raise
finally:
await db.close()
# 同期セッション用のコンテキストマネージャー
from contextlib import contextmanager
@contextmanager
def sync_database_transaction(db: Session):
"""データベーストランザクション管理（同期セッション用）"""
try:
yield db
db.commit()
except Exception as e:
db.rollback()
logger.error(f"トランザクションエラー: {e}")
raise
finally:
db.close()
def safe_divide(a: float, b: float) -> Optional[float]:
"""安全な除算"""
try:
if b == 0:
logger.warning("ゼロ除算が発生しました")
return None
return a / b
except (TypeError, ValueError) as e:
logger.error(f"計算エラー: {e}")
return None
import asyncio
import logging
from typing import List, Dict, Any, Optional
from httpx import AsyncClient
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
async def fetch_data(url: str) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
"""非同期でデータを取得"""
async with AsyncClient() as client:
try:
response = await client.get(url)
response.raise_for_status()
return response.json()
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"データ取得エラー: {e}")
return None
async def process_multiple_urls(urls: List[str]) -> List[Optional[Dict[str, Any]]]:
"""複数のURLを並行処理"""
tasks = [fetch_data(url) for url in urls]
return await asyncio.gather(*tasks, return_exceptions=True)
import os
import secrets
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from jose import JWTError, jwt
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from typing import Dict, Any, Optional
from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings
from pydantic import field_validator
class SecuritySettings(BaseSettings):
"""セキュリティ設定（環境変数から取得）"""
secret_key: str = secrets.token_urlsafe(32)
algorithm: str = "HS256"
access_token_expire_minutes: int = 30
@field_validator("secret_key")
def validate_secret_key(cls, v: str) -> str:
if len(v) < 32:
raise ValueError("Secret key must be at least 32 characters")
return v
class Config:
env_file = ".env"
# セキュリティ設定インスタンス
security_settings = SecuritySettings()
# パスワードハッシュ化設定
pwd_context = CryptContext(
schemes=["bcrypt"],
deprecated="auto",
bcrypt__rounds=12 # セキュリティ強化
)
def verify_password(plain_password: str, hashed_password: str) -> bool:
"""パスワード検証"""
return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)
def get_password_hash(password: str) -> str:
"""パスワードハッシュ化"""
return pwd_context.hash(password)
def create_access_token(data: Dict[str, Any], expires_delta: Optional[timedelta] = None) -> str:
"""アクセストークン作成"""
to_encode = data.copy()
if expires_delta:
expire = datetime.utcnow() + expires_delta
else:
expire = datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(minutes=15)
to_encode.update({"exp": expire})
encoded_jwt = jwt.encode(
to_encode,
security_settings.secret_key,
algorithm=security_settings.algorithm,
)
return encoded_jwt
import logging
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler
import sys
def setup_logging(log_level: str = "INFO") -> None:
"""ロギング設定"""
logging.basicConfig(
level=getattr(logging, log_level.upper()),
format="%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s",
handlers=[
logging.StreamHandler(sys.stdout),
RotatingFileHandler(
"app.log",
maxBytes=10485760, # 10MB
backupCount=5
)
]
)
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